diff --git a/nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-2311.section.md b/nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-2311.section.md
index 6f770757edba..08c316a123c4 100644
--- a/nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-2311.section.md
+++ b/nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-2311.section.md
@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@
 
 - `util-linux` is now supported on Darwin and is no longer an alias to `unixtools`. Use the `unixtools.util-linux` package for access to the Apple variants of the utilities.
 
+- `fileSystems.<name>.autoFormat` now uses `systemd-makefs`, which does not accept formatting options. Therefore, `fileSystems.<name>.formatOptions` has been removed.
+
+- `fileSystems.<name>.autoResize` now uses `systemd-growfs` to resize the file system online in stage 2. This means that `f2fs` and `ext2` can no longer be auto resized, while `xfs` and `btrfs` now can be.
+
 ## Other Notable Changes {#sec-release-23.11-notable-changes}
 
 - The Cinnamon module now enables XDG desktop integration by default. If you are experiencing collisions related to xdg-desktop-portal-gtk you can safely remove `xdg.portal.extraPortals = [ pkgs.xdg-desktop-portal-gtk ];` from your NixOS configuration.
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/boot/stage-1-init.sh b/nixos/modules/system/boot/stage-1-init.sh
index f72342429a6d..bad045ec101f 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/boot/stage-1-init.sh
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/boot/stage-1-init.sh
@@ -374,22 +374,6 @@ mountFS() {
 
     checkFS "$device" "$fsType"
 
-    # Optionally resize the filesystem.
-    case $options in
-        *x-nixos.autoresize*)
-            if [ "$fsType" = ext2 -o "$fsType" = ext3 -o "$fsType" = ext4 ]; then
-                modprobe "$fsType"
-                echo "resizing $device..."
-                e2fsck -fp "$device"
-                resize2fs "$device"
-            elif [ "$fsType" = f2fs ]; then
-                echo "resizing $device..."
-                fsck.f2fs -fp "$device"
-                resize.f2fs "$device"
-            fi
-            ;;
-    esac
-
     # Create backing directories for overlayfs
     if [ "$fsType" = overlay ]; then
         for i in upper work; do
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/boot/stage-1.nix b/nixos/modules/system/boot/stage-1.nix
index 1229f6357523..dcb15cf7d42b 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/boot/stage-1.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/boot/stage-1.nix
@@ -150,12 +150,6 @@ let
       copy_bin_and_libs ${pkgs.kmod}/bin/kmod
       ln -sf kmod $out/bin/modprobe
 
-      # Copy resize2fs if any ext* filesystems are to be resized
-      ${optionalString (any (fs: fs.autoResize && (lib.hasPrefix "ext" fs.fsType)) fileSystems) ''
-        # We need mke2fs in the initrd.
-        copy_bin_and_libs ${pkgs.e2fsprogs}/sbin/resize2fs
-      ''}
-
       # Copy multipath.
       ${optionalString config.services.multipath.enable ''
         copy_bin_and_libs ${config.services.multipath.package}/bin/multipath
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd.nix b/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd.nix
index 5ff99b14dee6..d2af86fef57c 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd.nix
@@ -588,6 +588,15 @@ in
     systemd.services."systemd-backlight@".restartIfChanged = false;
     systemd.services."systemd-fsck@".restartIfChanged = false;
     systemd.services."systemd-fsck@".path = [ config.system.path ];
+    systemd.services."systemd-makefs@" = {
+      restartIfChanged = false;
+      path = [ pkgs.util-linux ] ++ config.system.fsPackages;
+      # Since there is no /etc/systemd/system/systemd-makefs@.service
+      # file, the units generated in /run/systemd/generator would
+      # override anything we put here. But by forcing the use of a
+      # drop-in in /etc, it does apply.
+      overrideStrategy = "asDropin";
+    };
     systemd.services.systemd-random-seed.restartIfChanged = false;
     systemd.services.systemd-remount-fs.restartIfChanged = false;
     systemd.services.systemd-update-utmp.restartIfChanged = false;
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd/initrd.nix b/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd/initrd.nix
index c9c219d0a0a5..3f40a5b2dfa0 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd/initrd.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd/initrd.nix
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ let
     "systemd-ask-password-console.path"
     "systemd-ask-password-console.service"
     "systemd-fsck@.service"
-    "systemd-growfs@.service"
     "systemd-halt.service"
     "systemd-hibernate-resume@.service"
     "systemd-journald-audit.socket"
@@ -93,7 +92,6 @@ let
   fileSystems = filter utils.fsNeededForBoot config.system.build.fileSystems;
 
   needMakefs = lib.any (fs: fs.autoFormat) fileSystems;
-  needGrowfs = lib.any (fs: fs.autoResize) fileSystems;
 
   kernel-name = config.boot.kernelPackages.kernel.name or "kernel";
   modulesTree = config.system.modulesTree.override { name = kernel-name + "-modules"; };
@@ -400,7 +398,6 @@ in {
       storePaths = [
         # systemd tooling
         "${cfg.package}/lib/systemd/systemd-fsck"
-        (lib.mkIf needGrowfs "${cfg.package}/lib/systemd/systemd-growfs")
         "${cfg.package}/lib/systemd/systemd-hibernate-resume"
         "${cfg.package}/lib/systemd/systemd-journald"
         (lib.mkIf needMakefs "${cfg.package}/lib/systemd/systemd-makefs")
diff --git a/nixos/modules/tasks/filesystems.nix b/nixos/modules/tasks/filesystems.nix
index 2f032c3faf5c..7cb2ca23fa41 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/tasks/filesystems.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/tasks/filesystems.nix
@@ -112,12 +112,9 @@ let
       };
 
       formatOptions = mkOption {
-        default = "";
-        type = types.str;
-        description = lib.mdDoc ''
-          If {option}`autoFormat` option is set specifies
-          extra options passed to mkfs.
-        '';
+        visible = false;
+        type = types.unspecified;
+        default = null;
       };
 
       autoResize = mkOption {
@@ -139,22 +136,11 @@ let
 
     };
 
-    config = let
-      defaultFormatOptions =
-        # -F needed to allow bare block device without partitions
-        if (builtins.substring 0 3 config.fsType) == "ext" then "-F"
-        # -q needed for non-interactive operations
-        else if config.fsType == "jfs" then "-q"
-        # (same here)
-        else if config.fsType == "reiserfs" then "-q"
-        else null;
-    in {
-      options = mkMerge [
-        (mkIf config.autoResize [ "x-nixos.autoresize" ])
-        (mkIf (utils.fsNeededForBoot config) [ "x-initrd.mount" ])
-      ];
-      formatOptions = mkIf (defaultFormatOptions != null) (mkDefault defaultFormatOptions);
-    };
+    config.options = mkMerge [
+      (mkIf config.autoResize [ "x-systemd.growfs" ])
+      (mkIf config.autoFormat [ "x-systemd.makefs" ])
+      (mkIf (utils.fsNeededForBoot config) [ "x-initrd.mount" ])
+    ];
 
   };
 
@@ -201,23 +187,20 @@ let
       skipCheck = fs: fs.noCheck || fs.device == "none" || builtins.elem fs.fsType fsToSkipCheck || isBindMount fs;
       # https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/fstab#Filepath_spaces
       escape = string: builtins.replaceStrings [ " " "\t" ] [ "\\040" "\\011" ] string;
-    in fstabFileSystems: { rootPrefix ? "", extraOpts ? (fs: []) }: concatMapStrings (fs:
+    in fstabFileSystems: { rootPrefix ? "" }: concatMapStrings (fs:
       (optionalString (isBindMount fs) (escape rootPrefix))
       + (if fs.device != null then escape fs.device
          else if fs.label != null then "/dev/disk/by-label/${escape fs.label}"
          else throw "No device specified for mount point ‘${fs.mountPoint}’.")
       + " " + escape fs.mountPoint
       + " " + fs.fsType
-      + " " + escape (builtins.concatStringsSep "," (fs.options ++ (extraOpts fs)))
+      + " " + escape (builtins.concatStringsSep "," fs.options)
       + " 0 " + (if skipCheck fs then "0" else if fs.mountPoint == "/" then "1" else "2")
       + "\n"
     ) fstabFileSystems;
 
     initrdFstab = pkgs.writeText "initrd-fstab" (makeFstabEntries (filter utils.fsNeededForBoot fileSystems) {
       rootPrefix = "/sysroot";
-      extraOpts = fs:
-        (optional fs.autoResize "x-systemd.growfs")
-        ++ (optional fs.autoFormat "x-systemd.makefs");
     });
 
 in
@@ -319,7 +302,13 @@ in
 
     assertions = let
       ls = sep: concatMapStringsSep sep (x: x.mountPoint);
-      notAutoResizable = fs: fs.autoResize && !(hasPrefix "ext" fs.fsType || fs.fsType == "f2fs");
+      resizableFSes = [
+        "ext3"
+        "ext4"
+        "btrfs"
+        "xfs"
+      ];
+      notAutoResizable = fs: fs.autoResize && !(builtins.elem fs.fsType resizableFSes);
     in [
       { assertion = ! (fileSystems' ? cycle);
         message = "The ‘fileSystems’ option can't be topologically sorted: mountpoint dependency path ${ls " -> " fileSystems'.cycle} loops to ${ls ", " fileSystems'.loops}";
@@ -327,8 +316,21 @@ in
       { assertion = ! (any notAutoResizable fileSystems);
         message = let
           fs = head (filter notAutoResizable fileSystems);
-        in
-          "Mountpoint '${fs.mountPoint}': 'autoResize = true' is not supported for 'fsType = \"${fs.fsType}\"':${optionalString (fs.fsType == "auto") " fsType has to be explicitly set and"} only the ext filesystems and f2fs support it.";
+        in ''
+          Mountpoint '${fs.mountPoint}': 'autoResize = true' is not supported for 'fsType = "${fs.fsType}"'
+          ${optionalString (fs.fsType == "auto") "fsType has to be explicitly set and"}
+          only the following support it: ${lib.concatStringsSep ", " resizableFSes}.
+        '';
+      }
+      {
+        assertion = ! (any (fs: fs.formatOptions != null) fileSystems);
+        message = let
+          fs = head (filter (fs: fs.formatOptions != null) fileSystems);
+        in ''
+          'fileSystems.<name>.formatOptions' has been removed, since
+          systemd-makefs does not support any way to provide formatting
+          options.
+        '';
       }
     ];
 
@@ -377,37 +379,7 @@ in
         wants = [ "local-fs.target" "remote-fs.target" ];
       };
 
-    systemd.services =
-
-    # Emit systemd services to format requested filesystems.
-      let
-        formatDevice = fs:
-          let
-            mountPoint' = "${escapeSystemdPath fs.mountPoint}.mount";
-            device'  = escapeSystemdPath fs.device;
-            device'' = "${device'}.device";
-          in nameValuePair "mkfs-${device'}"
-          { description = "Initialisation of Filesystem ${fs.device}";
-            wantedBy = [ mountPoint' ];
-            before = [ mountPoint' "systemd-fsck@${device'}.service" ];
-            requires = [ device'' ];
-            after = [ device'' ];
-            path = [ pkgs.util-linux ] ++ config.system.fsPackages;
-            script =
-              ''
-                if ! [ -e "${fs.device}" ]; then exit 1; fi
-                # FIXME: this is scary.  The test could be more robust.
-                type=$(blkid -p -s TYPE -o value "${fs.device}" || true)
-                if [ -z "$type" ]; then
-                  echo "creating ${fs.fsType} filesystem on ${fs.device}..."
-                  mkfs.${fs.fsType} ${fs.formatOptions} "${fs.device}"
-                fi
-              '';
-            unitConfig.RequiresMountsFor = [ "${dirOf fs.device}" ];
-            unitConfig.DefaultDependencies = false; # needed to prevent a cycle
-            serviceConfig.Type = "oneshot";
-          };
-      in listToAttrs (map formatDevice (filter (fs: fs.autoFormat && !(utils.fsNeededForBoot fs)) fileSystems)) // {
+    systemd.services = {
     # Mount /sys/fs/pstore for evacuating panic logs and crashdumps from persistent storage onto the disk using systemd-pstore.
     # This cannot be done with the other special filesystems because the pstore module (which creates the mount point) is not loaded then.
         "mount-pstore" = {
diff --git a/nixos/modules/tasks/filesystems/f2fs.nix b/nixos/modules/tasks/filesystems/f2fs.nix
index 1d52861aa39d..035784f43df8 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/tasks/filesystems/f2fs.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/tasks/filesystems/f2fs.nix
@@ -15,11 +15,6 @@ in
 
     boot.initrd.extraUtilsCommands = mkIf (inInitrd && !config.boot.initrd.systemd.enable) ''
       copy_bin_and_libs ${pkgs.f2fs-tools}/sbin/fsck.f2fs
-      ${optionalString (any (fs: fs.autoResize) fileSystems) ''
-        # We need f2fs-tools' tools to resize filesystems
-        copy_bin_and_libs ${pkgs.f2fs-tools}/sbin/resize.f2fs
-      ''}
-
     '';
   };
 }
diff --git a/nixos/tests/fsck.nix b/nixos/tests/fsck.nix
index ccb664be080c..ec6bfa69ae84 100644
--- a/nixos/tests/fsck.nix
+++ b/nixos/tests/fsck.nix
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ import ./make-test-python.nix {
           else "fsck.ext4.*/dev/vda"}'")
 
     with subtest("mnt fs is fsckd"):
-        machine.succeed("journalctl -b | grep 'fsck.*/dev/vdb.*clean'")
+        machine.succeed("journalctl -b | grep 'fsck.*vdb.*clean'")
         machine.succeed(
             "grep 'Requires=systemd-fsck@dev-vdb.service' /run/systemd/generator/mnt.mount"
         )