diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/activation/test.nix b/nixos/modules/system/activation/test.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8cf000451c6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/activation/test.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{ lib
+, nixos
+, expect
+, testers
+}:
+let
+  node-forbiddenDependencies-fail = nixos ({ ... }: {
+    system.forbiddenDependenciesRegex = "-dev$";
+    environment.etc."dev-dependency" = {
+      text = "${expect.dev}";
+    };
+    documentation.enable = false;
+    fileSystems."/".device = "ignore-root-device";
+    boot.loader.grub.enable = false;
+  });
+  node-forbiddenDependencies-succeed = nixos ({ ... }: {
+    system.forbiddenDependenciesRegex = "-dev$";
+    system.extraDependencies = [ expect.dev ];
+    documentation.enable = false;
+    fileSystems."/".device = "ignore-root-device";
+    boot.loader.grub.enable = false;
+  });
+in
+lib.recurseIntoAttrs {
+  test-forbiddenDependencies-fail = testers.testBuildFailure node-forbiddenDependencies-fail.config.system.build.toplevel;
+  test-forbiddenDependencies-succeed = node-forbiddenDependencies-succeed.config.system.build.toplevel;
+}
diff --git a/nixos/modules/system/activation/top-level.nix b/nixos/modules/system/activation/top-level.nix
index 55ff98db5382..64e97b510b06 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/system/activation/top-level.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/system/activation/top-level.nix
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ let
 
       ${config.system.systemBuilderCommands}
 
-      echo -n "${toString config.system.extraDependencies}" > $out/extra-dependencies
+      echo -n "$extraDependencies" > $out/extra-dependencies
 
       ${config.system.extraSystemBuilderCmds}
     '';
@@ -105,6 +105,8 @@ let
     dryActivationScript = config.system.dryActivationScript;
     nixosLabel = config.system.nixos.label;
 
+    inherit (config.system) extraDependencies;
+
     # Needed by switch-to-configuration.
     perl = pkgs.perl.withPackages (p: with p; [ ConfigIniFiles FileSlurp ]);
   } // config.system.systemBuilderArgs);
@@ -223,6 +225,16 @@ in
       '';
     };
 
+    system.forbiddenDependenciesRegex = mkOption {
+      default = "";
+      example = "-dev$";
+      type = types.str;
+      description = lib.mdDoc ''
+        A POSIX Extended Regular Expression that matches store paths that
+        should not appear in the system closure, with the exception of {option}`system.extraDependencies`, which is not checked.
+      '';
+    };
+
     system.extraSystemBuilderCmds = mkOption {
       type = types.lines;
       internal = true;
@@ -298,8 +310,26 @@ in
         config.system.copySystemConfiguration
         ''ln -s '${import ../../../lib/from-env.nix "NIXOS_CONFIG" <nixos-config>}' \
             "$out/configuration.nix"
+        '' +
+      optionalString
+        (config.system.forbiddenDependenciesRegex != "")
+        ''
+          if [[ $forbiddenDependenciesRegex != "" && -n $closureInfo ]]; then
+            if forbiddenPaths="$(grep -E -- "$forbiddenDependenciesRegex" $closureInfo/store-paths)"; then
+              echo -e "System closure $out contains the following disallowed paths:\n$forbiddenPaths"
+              exit 1
+            fi
+          fi
         '';
 
+    system.systemBuilderArgs = lib.optionalAttrs (config.system.forbiddenDependenciesRegex != "") {
+      inherit (config.system) forbiddenDependenciesRegex;
+      closureInfo = pkgs.closureInfo { rootPaths = [
+        # override to avoid  infinite recursion (and to allow using extraDependencies to add forbidden dependencies)
+        (config.system.build.toplevel.overrideAttrs (_: { extraDependencies = []; closureInfo = null; }))
+      ]; };
+    };
+
     system.build.toplevel = system;
 
   };
diff --git a/nixos/tests/all-tests.nix b/nixos/tests/all-tests.nix
index 70cd995ececa..b372ae20480b 100644
--- a/nixos/tests/all-tests.nix
+++ b/nixos/tests/all-tests.nix
@@ -194,6 +194,7 @@ in {
   ergo = handleTest ./ergo.nix {};
   ergochat = handleTest ./ergochat.nix {};
   etc = pkgs.callPackage ../modules/system/etc/test.nix { inherit evalMinimalConfig; };
+  activation = pkgs.callPackage ../modules/system/activation/test.nix { };
   etcd = handleTestOn ["x86_64-linux"] ./etcd.nix {};
   etcd-cluster = handleTestOn ["x86_64-linux"] ./etcd-cluster.nix {};
   etebase-server = handleTest ./etebase-server.nix {};