doc: update the appimageTools section content and examples (#276029)
The following changes are made: - Document how `wrapType2` and `wrapType1` are the same thing. - Expand on how `wrapType2` works and additional arguments it uses. - Document `extract` and show how it's used in combination with `wrapType2`. - Provide full working examples using the new admonition syntax.
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Daniel Sidhion
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# pkgs.appimageTools {#sec-pkgs-appimageTools}
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`pkgs.appimageTools` is a set of functions for extracting and wrapping [AppImage](https://appimage.org/) files. They are meant to be used if traditional packaging from source is infeasible, or it would take too long. To quickly run an AppImage file, `pkgs.appimage-run` can be used as well.
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`pkgs.appimageTools` is a set of functions for extracting and wrapping [AppImage](https://appimage.org/) files.
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They are meant to be used if traditional packaging from source is infeasible, or if it would take too long.
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To quickly run an AppImage file, `pkgs.appimage-run` can be used as well.
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::: {.warning}
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The `appimageTools` API is unstable and may be subject to backwards-incompatible changes in the future.
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:::
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## AppImage formats {#ssec-pkgs-appimageTools-formats}
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There are different formats for AppImages, see [the specification](https://github.com/AppImage/AppImageSpec/blob/74ad9ca2f94bf864a4a0dac1f369dd4f00bd1c28/draft.md#image-format) for details.
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- Type 1 images are ISO 9660 files that are also ELF executables.
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- Type 2 images are ELF executables with an appended filesystem.
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They can be told apart with `file -k`:
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```ShellSession
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$ file -k type1.AppImage
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type1.AppImage: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV) ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem data 'AppImage' (Lepton 3.x), scale 0-0,
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spot sensor temperature 0.000000, unit celsius, color scheme 0, calibration: offset 0.000000, slope 0.000000, dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.18, BuildID[sha1]=d629f6099d2344ad82818172add1d38c5e11bc6d, stripped\012- data
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$ file -k type2.AppImage
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type2.AppImage: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV) (Lepton 3.x), scale 232-60668, spot sensor temperature -4.187500, color scheme 15, show scale bar, calibration: offset -0.000000, slope 0.000000 (Lepton 2.x), scale 4111-45000, spot sensor temperature 412442.250000, color scheme 3, minimum point enabled, calibration: offset -75402534979642766821519867692934234112.000000, slope 5815371847733706829839455140374904832.000000, dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.18, BuildID[sha1]=79dcc4e55a61c293c5e19edbd8d65b202842579f, stripped\012- data
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```
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Note how the type 1 AppImage is described as an `ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem`, and the type 2 AppImage is not.
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## Wrapping {#ssec-pkgs-appimageTools-wrapping}
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Depending on the type of AppImage you're wrapping, you'll have to use `wrapType1` or `wrapType2`.
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Use `wrapType2` to wrap any AppImage.
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This will create a FHS environment with many packages [expected to exist](https://github.com/AppImage/pkg2appimage/blob/master/excludelist) for the AppImage to work.
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`wrapType2` expects an argument with the `src` attribute, and either a `name` attribute or `pname` and `version` attributes.
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It will eventually call into [`buildFHSEnv`](#sec-fhs-environments), and any extra attributes in the argument to `wrapType2` will be passed through to it.
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This means that you can pass the `extraInstallCommands` attribute, for example, and it will have the same effect as described in [`buildFHSEnv`](#sec-fhs-environments).
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::: {.note}
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In the past, `appimageTools` provided both `wrapType1` and `wrapType2`, to be used depending on the type of AppImage that was being wrapped.
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However, [those were unified early 2020](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/81833), meaning that both `wrapType1` and `wrapType2` have the same behaviour now.
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:::
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:::{.example #ex-wrapping-appimage-from-github}
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# Wrapping an AppImage from GitHub
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```nix
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appimageTools.wrapType2 { # or wrapType1
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name = "patchwork";
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{ appimageTools, fetchurl }:
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let
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pname = "nuclear";
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version = "0.6.30";
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src = fetchurl {
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url = "https://github.com/ssbc/patchwork/releases/download/v3.11.4/Patchwork-3.11.4-linux-x86_64.AppImage";
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hash = "sha256-OqTitCeZ6xmWbqYTXp8sDrmVgTNjPZNW0hzUPW++mq4=";
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url = "https://github.com/nukeop/nuclear/releases/download/v${version}/${pname}-v${version}.AppImage";
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hash = "sha256-he1uGC1M/nFcKpMM9JKY4oeexJcnzV0ZRxhTjtJz6xw=";
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};
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extraPkgs = pkgs: with pkgs; [ ];
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in
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appimageTools.wrapType2 {
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inherit pname version src;
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}
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```
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- `name` specifies the name of the resulting image.
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- `src` specifies the AppImage file to extract.
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- `extraPkgs` allows you to pass a function to include additional packages inside the FHS environment your AppImage is going to run in. There are a few ways to learn which dependencies an application needs:
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- Looking through the extracted AppImage files, reading its scripts and running `patchelf` and `ldd` on its executables. This can also be done in `appimage-run`, by setting `APPIMAGE_DEBUG_EXEC=bash`.
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:::
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The argument passed to `wrapType2` can also contain an `extraPkgs` attribute, which allows you to include additional packages inside the FHS environment your AppImage is going to run in.
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`extraPkgs` must be a function that returns a list of packages.
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There are a few ways to learn which dependencies an application needs:
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- Looking through the extracted AppImage files, reading its scripts and running `patchelf` and `ldd` on its executables.
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This can also be done in `appimage-run`, by setting `APPIMAGE_DEBUG_EXEC=bash`.
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- Running `strace -vfefile` on the wrapped executable, looking for libraries that can't be found.
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:::{.example #ex-wrapping-appimage-with-extrapkgs}
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# Wrapping an AppImage with extra packages
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```nix
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{ appimageTools, fetchurl }:
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let
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pname = "irccloud";
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version = "0.16.0";
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src = fetchurl {
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url = "https://github.com/irccloud/irccloud-desktop/releases/download/v${version}/IRCCloud-${version}-linux-x86_64.AppImage";
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sha256 = "sha256-/hMPvYdnVB1XjKgU2v47HnVvW4+uC3rhRjbucqin4iI=";
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};
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in appimageTools.wrapType2 {
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inherit pname version src;
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extraPkgs = pkgs: [ pkgs.at-spi2-core ];
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}
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```
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:::
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## Extracting {#ssec-pkgs-appimageTools-extracting}
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Use `extract` if you need to extract the contents of an AppImage.
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This is usually used in Nixpkgs to install extra files in addition to [wrapping](#ssec-pkgs-appimageTools-wrapping) the AppImage.
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`extract` expects an argument with the `src` attribute, and either a `name` attribute or `pname` and `version` attributes.
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::: {.note}
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In the past, `appimageTools` provided both `extractType1` and `extractType2`, to be used depending on the type of AppImage that was being extracted.
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However, [those were unified early 2020](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/81572), meaning that both `extractType1` and `extractType2` have the same behaviour as `extract` now.
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:::
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:::{.example #ex-extracting-appimage}
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# Extracting an AppImage to install extra files
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This example was adapted from a real package in Nixpkgs to show how `extract` is usually used in combination with `wrapType2`.
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Note how `appimageContents` is used in `extraInstallCommands` to install additional files that were extracted from the AppImage.
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```nix
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{ appimageTools, fetchurl }:
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let
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pname = "irccloud";
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version = "0.16.0";
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src = fetchurl {
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url = "https://github.com/irccloud/irccloud-desktop/releases/download/v${version}/IRCCloud-${version}-linux-x86_64.AppImage";
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sha256 = "sha256-/hMPvYdnVB1XjKgU2v47HnVvW4+uC3rhRjbucqin4iI=";
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};
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appimageContents = appimageTools.extract {
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inherit pname version src;
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};
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in appimageTools.wrapType2 {
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inherit pname version src;
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extraPkgs = pkgs: [ pkgs.at-spi2-core ];
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extraInstallCommands = ''
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mv $out/bin/${pname}-${version} $out/bin/${pname}
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install -m 444 -D ${appimageContents}/irccloud.desktop $out/share/applications/irccloud.desktop
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install -m 444 -D ${appimageContents}/usr/share/icons/hicolor/512x512/apps/irccloud.png \
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$out/share/icons/hicolor/512x512/apps/irccloud.png
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substituteInPlace $out/share/applications/irccloud.desktop \
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--replace 'Exec=AppRun' 'Exec=${pname}'
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'';
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}
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```
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:::
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The argument passed to `extract` can also contain a `postExtract` attribute, which allows you to execute additional commands after the files are extracted from the AppImage.
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`postExtract` must be a string with commands to run.
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:::{.example #ex-extracting-appimage-with-postextract}
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# Extracting an AppImage to install extra files, using `postExtract`
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This is a rewrite of [](#ex-extracting-appimage) to use `postExtract`.
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```nix
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{ appimageTools, fetchurl }:
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let
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pname = "irccloud";
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version = "0.16.0";
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src = fetchurl {
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url = "https://github.com/irccloud/irccloud-desktop/releases/download/v${version}/IRCCloud-${version}-linux-x86_64.AppImage";
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sha256 = "sha256-/hMPvYdnVB1XjKgU2v47HnVvW4+uC3rhRjbucqin4iI=";
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};
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appimageContents = appimageTools.extract {
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inherit pname version src;
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postExtract = ''
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substituteInPlace $out/irccloud.desktop --replace 'Exec=AppRun' 'Exec=${pname}'
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'';
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};
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in appimageTools.wrapType2 {
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inherit pname version src;
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extraPkgs = pkgs: [ pkgs.at-spi2-core ];
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extraInstallCommands = ''
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mv $out/bin/${pname}-${version} $out/bin/${pname}
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install -m 444 -D ${appimageContents}/irccloud.desktop $out/share/applications/irccloud.desktop
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install -m 444 -D ${appimageContents}/usr/share/icons/hicolor/512x512/apps/irccloud.png \
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$out/share/icons/hicolor/512x512/apps/irccloud.png
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'';
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}
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```
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:::
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