blog: home logic: describe reading/writing magnetic cores
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After Width: | Height: | Size: 22 KiB |
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@ -87,7 +87,57 @@ but that's not to say one _couldn't_ perform this amplification using ferromagne
|
|||
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can we assemble these components into one of the primitive digital logic gates?
|
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## TODO: review magnetic core theory
|
||||
## Ferromagnetic Cores: Theory/Operation
|
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iron (ferrite) is among the materials on earth which have interesting [_coercivity_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coercivity) properties:
|
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that is, the material experiences some internal changes during the application of an external magnetic field.
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you can see this yourself by finding some volcanic rock or visiting a volcano: liquid magma emerges from the earth, and this magma
|
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contains iron. while liquid, the iron has low coercivity: its magnetic domains will orient along the earth's own magnetic field.
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when the iron cools, its coercivity increases. take the rock somewhere else on earth, and its domains _won't_ reorient;
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place a compass next to it and that compass will point as if you were at the location where the rock was created!
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this effect can last for a substantial amount of time: it's one of the ways we know that the earth's magnetic field has changed throughout history.
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we see immediately that the iron in this scenario is storing _information_.
|
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meanwhile, [Faraday's Law of Induction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday%27s_law_of_induction#Faraday's_law)
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describes the symmetric relationship between a time-varying magnetic field, and the electric field (voltage along some loop).
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in its basic form, we can wrap a wire around some material, apply a voltage across that wire, and induce a change in the magnetic
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field over that material.
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by pulsing a voltage in one direction or the other, we can induce a change in the material's magnetic polarization,
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and that change can persist after the voltage is removed. if we choose a material with the right coercivity properties,
|
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this can cleanly store one bit of information.
|
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|
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the above curve describes the magnetization (M) of a material as the applied field (H) varies (image: edited, original by [Nanite](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coercivity#/media/File:Coercivities_in_M-H_curve.svg)).
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if the material starts unpolarized and we apply a positive field, its state will move up along the right half of this grey curve.
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remove the applied field and M will fall slightly, to where the blue dot is.
|
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apply a positive field again, and M won't change much.
|
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apply a negative field, and M will repeat the process in reverse, settling at the star instead.
|
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crucially, applying a _small_ negative field won't change M much, so the data storage is resilient to some amount of noise.
|
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||||
## Reading and Writing Bits
|
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|
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|
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here we've got an iron toroid with two separate wires coiled around it.
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the device is symmetric, but consider the left loop the "drive wire" and the right loop the "sense wire".
|
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we can write a logic '1' (move the material's state to the blue circle) with a clockwise (CW) pulse through the drive wire,
|
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and write a logic '0' (black star) with a counter-clockwise (CCW) pulse.
|
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we used Faraday's Law to show that an external voltage can induce a changing magnetic field and cause the material to change state.
|
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but this relationship goes in both directions: a changing magnetic field also induces a voltage.
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consider the transition from logic '1' to logic '0': as the magnetic field changes, this induces a voltage around
|
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the wire loops, and we could detect this by attaching a voltmeter to the sense wire.
|
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on the other hand, if we applied a negative field to put the device back to '0', and it was previously in '0',
|
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there's no significant change in the device's magnetic field: the voltmeter would show a much weaker signal.
|
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|
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so we can write a bit by pulsing the drive wire either CW or CCW, and then read it back later
|
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by forcing the device back to '0' with a CCW pulse. this is a "destructive" read, because
|
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it destroys the state of the device, but it's still a way to store data across time.
|
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|
||||
|
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## TODO: show illustrations of basic logic gates
|
||||
- include simulation results
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue