WIP: firefox: add a right-click context menu to open any URI with the system handler

2024-08-11 22:17:46 +00:00
1281 changed files with 9970 additions and 605439 deletions
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -17,27 +17,24 @@ the only hard dependency for my exported pkgs/modules should be [nixpkgs][nixpkg
 building [hosts/](./hosts/) will require [sops][sops].

 you might specifically be interested in these files (elaborated further in #key-points-of-interest):
- [my packages](./pkgs/by-name)
+- ~~[`sxmo-utils`](./pkgs/additional/sxmo-utils/default.nix)~~
+  - these files will remain until my config settles down, but i no longer use or maintain SXMO.
 - [my implementation of impermanence](./modules/persist/default.nix)
 - my way of deploying dotfiles/configuring programs per-user:
  - [modules/fs/](./modules/fs/default.nix)
  - [modules/programs/](./modules/programs/default.nix)
  - [modules/users/](./modules/users/default.nix)

-if you find anything here genuinely useful, message me so that i can work to upstream it!
-
 [nixpkgs]: https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs
 [sops]: https://github.com/Mic92/sops-nix
 [uninsane-org]: https://uninsane.org

-
 ## Using This Repo In Your Own Config

 follow the instructions [here][NUR] to access my packages through the Nix User Repositories.

 [NUR]: https://nur.nix-community.org/

-
 ## Layout
 - `doc/`
  - instructions for tasks i find myself doing semi-occasionally in this repo.
@@ -55,7 +52,7 @@ follow the instructions [here][NUR] to access my packages through the Nix User R
 - `pkgs/`
  - derivations for things not yet packaged in nixpkgs.
  - derivations for things from nixpkgs which i need to `override` for some reason.
-  - inline code for wholly custom packages (e.g. `pkgs/by-name/sane-scripts/` for CLI tools
+  - inline code for wholly custom packages (e.g. `pkgs/additional/sane-scripts/` for CLI tools
    that are highly specific to my setup).
 - `scripts/`
  - scripts which aren't reachable on a deployed system, but may aid manual deployments.
@@ -82,40 +79,44 @@ i.e. you might find value in using these in your own config:
    - populated with some statically-defined data
    - populated according to some script
    - created as a dependency of some service (e.g. `nginx`)
+  - values defined here are applied neither at evaluation time _nor_ at activation time.
+    - rather, they become systemd services.
+    - systemd manages dependencies
+    - e.g. link `/var/www -> /mnt/my-drive/www` only _after_ `/mnt/my-drive/www` appears)
  - this is akin to using [Home Manager's][home-manager] file API -- the part which lets you
    statically define `~/.config` files -- just with a different philosophy.
-    namely, it avoids any custom activation scripts by leveraging `systemd-tmpfiles`.
 - `modules/persist/`
-  - my implementation of impermanence, built atop the above `fs` module, with a few notable features:
-    - no custom activation scripts or services (uses `systemd-tmpfiles` and `.mount` units)
+  - my alternative to the Impermanence module.
+  - this builds atop `modules/fs/` to achieve things stock impermanence can't:
+    - persist things to encrypted storage which is unlocked at login time (pam_mount).
    - "persist" cache directories -- to free up RAM -- but auto-wipe them on mount
      and encrypt them to ephemeral keys so they're unreadable post shutdown/unmount.
-    - persist to encrypted storage which is unlocked at login time.
 - `modules/programs/`
  - like nixpkgs' `programs` options, but allows both system-wide or per-user deployment.
  - allows `fs` and `persist` config values to be gated behind program deployment:
    - e.g. `/home/<user>/.mozilla/firefox` is persisted only for users who
      `sane.programs.firefox.enableFor.user."<user>" = true;`
  - allows aggressive sandboxing any program:
-    - `sane.programs.firefox.sandbox.enable = true;  # wraps the program so that it isolates itself into a new namespace when invoked`
+    - `sane.programs.firefox.sandbox.method = "bwrap";  # sandbox with bubblewrap`
    - `sane.programs.firefox.sandbox.whitelistWayland = true;  # allow it to render a wayland window`
    - `sane.programs.firefox.sandbox.extraHomePaths = [ "Downloads" ];  # allow it read/write access to ~/Downloads`
    - integrated with `fs` and `persist` modules so that programs' config files and persisted data stores are linked into the sandbox w/o any extra involvement.
 - `modules/users/`
  - convenience layer atop the above modules so that you can just write
    `fs.".config/git"` instead of `fs."/home/colin/.config/git"`
-  - simplified `systemd.services` API
+  - per-user services managed by [s6-rc](https://www.skarnet.org/software/s6-rc/)
+
+some things in here could easily find broader use. if you would find benefit in
+them being factored out of my config, message me and we could work to make that happen.

 [home-manager]: https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager

-
 ## Mirrors

 this repo exists in a few known locations:
 - primary: <https://git.uninsane.org/colin/nix-files>
 - mirror: <https://github.com/nix-community/nur-combined/tree/master/repos/colinsane>

-
 ## Contact

 if you want to contact me for questions, or collaborate to split something useful into a shared repo, etc,
--- a/TODO.md
+++ b/TODO.md
@@ -1,27 +1,35 @@
 ## BUGS
- gnome-calls eats 100% CPU and never renders UI (moby AND lappy, at least)
- dissent has a memory leak (3G+ after 24hr)
-  - set a max memory use in the systemd service, to force it to restart as it leaks?
 - `rmDbusServices` may break sandboxing
  - e.g. if the package ships a systemd unit which references $out, then make-sandboxed won't properly update that unit.
  - `rmDbusServicesInPlace` is not affected
+- when moby wlan is explicitly set down (via ip link set wlan0 down), /var/lib/trust-dns/dhcp-configs doesn't get reset
+  - `ip monitor` can detect those manual link state changes (NM-dispatcher it seems cannot)
+  - or try dnsmasq?
+- trust-dns can't resolve `abs.twimg.com`
+- trust-dns can't resolve `social.kernel.org`
+- trust-dns can't resolve `pe.usps.com`
+- trust-dns can't resolve `social.seattle.wa.us`
+- trust-dns can't resolve `support.mozilla.org`
+- sandbox: link cache means that if i update ~/.config/... files inline, sandboxed programs still see the old version
+- mpv: continues to play past the end of some audio files
 - mpv: audiocast has mpv sending its output to the builtin speakers unless manually changed
+- `ssh` access doesn't grant same linux capabilities as login
 - syshud (volume overlay): when casting with `blast`, syshud doesn't react to volume changes
+- moby: after bringing the modem up, powering it down loses *complete* net connectivity (i.e. wlan is gone as well)
 - dissent: if i launch it without net connectivity, it gets stuck at the login, and never tries again
- newflash on moby can't play videos
-  - "open in browser" works though -- in mpv
- gnome-maps can't use geoclue *and* openstreetmap at the same time
-  - get gnome-maps to speak xdg-desktop-portal, and this will be fixed
- epiphany can't save cookies
-  - see under "preferences", cookies are disabled
-  - prevents logging into websites (OpenStreetMap)
-  - works when sandbox is disabled
- rsync to ssh target fails because of restrictive sandboxing
- `/mnt/.servo_ftp` retries every 10s, endlessly, rather than doing a linear backoff
-  - repro by `systemctl stop sftpgo` on servo, then watching `mnt-.servo_ftp.{mount,timer}` on desko
+- calls: seems that it starts before net access, and then is forever disconnected (until i manually restart it)
+- moby: kaslr is effectively disabled
+  - `dmesg | grep "KASLR disabled due to lack of seed"`
+  - fix by adding `kaslrseed` to uboot script before `booti`
+    - <https://github.com/armbian/build/pull/4352>
+    - not sure how that's supposed to work with tow-boot; maybe i should just update tow-boot
+- moby: bpf is effectively disabled?
+  - `dmesg | grep 'systemd[1]: bpf-lsm: Failed to load BPF object: No such process'`
+  - `dmesg | grep 'hid_bpf: error while preloading HID BPF dispatcher: -22'`
+- `s6` is not re-entrant
+  - so if the desktop crashes, the login process from `unl0kr` fails to re-launch the GUI

 ## REFACTORING:
- fold hosts/modules/ into toplevel modules/
 - add import checks to my Python nix-shell scripts
 - consolidate ~/dev and ~/ref
  - ~/dev becomes a link to ~/ref/cat/mine
@@ -29,34 +37,27 @@
 - don't hardcode IP addresses so much in servo

 ### sops/secrets
+- rework secrets to leverage `sane.fs`
+- remove sops activation script as it's covered by my systemd sane.fs impl
 - user secrets could just use `gocryptfs`, like with ~/private?
  - can gocryptfs support nested filesystems, each with different perms (for desko, moby, etc)?

+### roles
+- allow any host to take the role of `uninsane.org`
+  - will make it easier to test new services?
+
 ### upstreaming
- upstream blueprint-compiler cross fixes -> nixpkgs
- upstream cargo cross fixes -> nixpkgs
- upstream `gps-share` package -> nixpkgs
- upstream PinePhonePro device trees -> linux
+- add updateScripts to all my packages in nixpkgs

 #### upstreaming to non-nixpkgs repos
 - gtk: build schemas even on cross compilation: <https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/247844>
- gnome-calls retry net connection when DNS is down
- nwg-panel: configurable media controls
- nwg-panel / playerctl hang fix (i think nwg-panel is what should be patched here)


 ## IMPROVEMENTS:
- lack of a mesa shader cache for sandboxed programs DESTROYS PERF
-  - adding ~/.cache/mesa_shader_cache_db to the sandbox massively improves launch time,
-    probably reduces memory use,
-    but has unknown data leak implications.
-  - either (1) pre-populate the shader cache somehow, e.g. <https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/shader-db>
-    or (2) use a seperate shader cache per-app
-    or (3) disable the mesa cache and see if that actually helps (MESA_SHADER_CACHE_DISABLE=true)
- tmpfs usage inside bunpen apps is not introspectable/debuggable
-  - app sandboxes could be rooted in, say, `/run/bunpen/$PID`
-    - for a nested sandbox, its vfs could be queried from the root ns at `/run/bunpen/$PID1/run/bunpen/$PID2`
- sane-deadlines: show day of the week for upcoming items
+- kernels: ship the same kernel on every machine
+  - then i can tune the kernels for hardening, without duplicating that work 4 times
+- zfs: replace this with something which doesn't require a custom kernel build
+- mpv: add media looping controls (e.g. loop song, loop playlist)
 - curlftpfs: replace with something better
  - safer (rust? actively maintained? sandboxable?)
  - handles spaces/symbols in filenames
@@ -66,58 +67,38 @@
  - matrix room links *just work*.
  - `network.protocol-handler.external.https = true` in about:config *seems* to do this,
    but breaks some webpages (e.g. Pleroma)
- associate http(s)://*.pdf with my pdf handler
-  - can't do that because lots of applications don't handle URIs
-  - could workaround using a wrapper that downloads the file and then passes it to the program
- geary: replace with envelope
-  - likely requires updating envelope to a more recent version (for multi-accounting), and therefore updating libadwaita...

 ### security/resilience
 - enable `snapper` btrfs snapshots (`services.snapper`)
 - /mnt/desko/home, etc, shouldn't include secrets (~/private)
  - 95% of its use is for remote media access and stuff which isn't in VCS (~/records)
- harden systemd services:
-  - servo: `coturn.service`
-  - servo: `postgresql.service`
-  - servo: `postfix.service`
-  - servo: `prosody.service`
-  - servo: `slskd.service`
-  - desko: `usbmuxd.service`
-  - servo: `backup-torrents.service`
-  - servo: `dedupe-media.service`
-  - remove SGID /run/wrappers/bin/sendmail, and just add senders to `postdrop` group
 - port all sane.programs to be sandboxed
  - sandbox `nix`
  - enforce that all `environment.packages` has a sandbox profile (or explicitly opts out)
+  - revisit "non-sandboxable" apps and check that i'm not actually just missing mountpoints
+    - LL_FS_RW=/ isn't enough -- need all mount points like `=/:/proc:/sys:...`.
+  - ensure non-bin package outputs are linked for sandboxed apps
+    - i.e. `outputs.man`, `outputs.debug`, `outputs.doc`, ...
  - lock down dbus calls within the sandbox
+    - otherwise anyone can `systemd-run --user ...` to potentially escape a sandbox
    - <https://github.com/flatpak/xdg-dbus-proxy>
-    - stuff on dbus presents too much surface area
-      - ~~for example anyone can `systemd-run --user ...` to potentially escape a sandbox~~
-      - for example, xdg-desktop-portal allows anyone to make arbitrary DNS requests
-        - e.g. `gdbus call --session --timeout 10 --dest org.freedesktop.portal.Desktop --object-path /org/freedesktop/portal/desktop --method org.freedesktop.portal.NetworkMonitor.CanReach 'data1.exfiltrate.uninsane.org' 80`
- make gnome-keyring-daemon less monolithic
-  - no reason every application with _a_ secret needs to see _all_ secrets
-  - check out oo7-daemon?
-  - also unix-pass based provider: <https://github.com/mdellweg/pass_secret_service>
+  - port sanebox to a compiled language (hare?)
+    - it adds like 50-70ms launch time _on my laptop_. i'd hate to know how much that is on the pinephone.
 - make dconf stuff less monolithic
  - i.e. per-app dconf profiles for those which need it. possible static config.
  - flatpak/spectrum has some stuff to proxy dconf per-app

 ### user experience
- setup a real calendar system, for recurring events
 - rofi: sort items case-insensitively
- rofi: enable mouse mode?
- mpv: add media looping controls (e.g. loop song, loop playlist)
- mpv: add/implement an extension to search youtube
-  - apparently `yt-dlp` does searching!
 - replace starship prompt with something more efficient
  - watch `forkstat`: it does way too much
- cleanup nwg-panel so that it's not invoking swaync every second
+- cleanup waybar/nwg-panel so that it's not invoking playerctl every 2 seconds
  - nwg-panel: doesn't know that virtual-desktop 10/TV exists
 - install apps:
  - display QR codes for WiFi endpoints: <https://linuxphoneapps.org/apps/noappid.wisperwind.wifi2qr/>
  - shopping list (not in nixpkgs): <https://linuxphoneapps.org/apps/ro.hume.cosmin.shoppinglist/>
  - offline Wikipedia (or, add to `wike`)
+  - offline docs viewer (gtk): <https://github.com/workbenchdev/Biblioteca>
  - some type of games manager/launcher
    - Gnome Highscore (retro games)?: <https://gitlab.gnome.org/World/highscore>
  - better maps for mobile (Osmin (QtQuick)? Pure Maps (Qt/Kirigami)?)
@@ -125,7 +106,6 @@
    - Folio is nice, uses standard markdown, though it only supports flat repos
  - OSK overlay specifically for mobile gaming
    - i.e. mock joysticks, for use with SuperTux and SuperTuxKart
-  - game: Hedgewars
 - install mobile-friendly games:
  - Shattered Pixel Dungeon (nixpkgs `shattered-pixel-dungeon`; doesn't cross-compile b/c openjdk/libIDL) <https://github.com/ebolalex/shattered-pixel-dungeon>
  - UnCiv (Civ V clone; nixpkgs `unciv`; doesn't cross-compile):  <https://github.com/yairm210/UnCiv>
@@ -138,30 +118,37 @@
 - sane-sync-music: remove empty dirs

 #### moby
- moby: port battery support to something upstreamable
- moby: install transito/mobroute public transit app: <https://sr.ht/~mil/mobroute/> <https://git.sr.ht/~mil/transito>
-  - see: <https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/335613>
- moby: consider honeybee instead of gnome-calls for calling? <https://git.sr.ht/~anjan/honeybee>
-  - uses XMPP, so more NAT/WoWLAN-friendly
 - fix cpuidle (gets better power consumption): <https://xnux.eu/log/077.html>
 - fix cpupower for better power/perf
  - `journalctl -u cpupower --boot` (problem is present on lappy, at least)
- use dynamic DRAM clocking to reduce power by 0.5W: <https://xnux.eu/log/083.html>
-  - coreboot implements DRAM training for rk3399: <https://gitlab.com/vicencb/kevinboot/-/blob/master/cb/sdram.c>
 - moby: tune keyboard layout
- SwayNC/nwg-panel: add option to change audio output
- Newsflash: sync OPML on start, same way i do with gpodder
- better podcasting client?
+- SwayNC: add option to change audio output
+- moby: tune GPS
+  - fix iio-sensor-proxy magnetometer scaling
+  - tune QGPS setting in eg25-control, for less jitter?
+  - configure geoclue to do some smoothing?
+  - manually do smoothing, as some layer between mepo and geoclue?
+  - email wigle.net people to unlock API access
+- moby: port `freshen-agps` timer service to s6 (maybe i want some `s6-cron` or something)
+- moby: improve gPodder launch time
+- moby: theme GTK apps (i.e. non-adwaita styles)
+  - especially, make the menubar collapsible
+  - try Gradience tool specifically for theming adwaita? <https://linuxphoneapps.org/apps/com.github.gradienceteam.gradience/>

 #### non-moby
 - RSS: integrate a paywall bypass
  - e.g. self-hosted [ladder](https://github.com/everywall/ladder) (like 12ft.io)
 - RSS: have podcasts get downloaded straight into ~/Videos/...
  - and strip the ads out using Whisper transcription + asking a LLM where the ad breaks are
- neovim: integrate ollama
- neovim: better docsets (e.g. c++, glib)
+- neovim: set up language server (lsp; rnix-lsp; nvim-lspconfig)
+- neovim: integrate LLMs
+- Helix: make copy-to-system clipboard be the default
 - firefox/librewolf: persist history
  - just not cookies or tabs
+- package Nix/NixOS docs for Zeal
+  - install [doc-browser](https://github.com/qwfy/doc-browser)
+  - this supports both dash (zeal) *and* the datasets from <https://devdocs.io> (which includes nix!)
+  - install [devhelp](https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Devhelp)  (gnome)
 - have xdg-open parse `<repo:...> URIs (or adjust them so that it _can_ parse)
 - sane-bt-search: show details like 5.1 vs stereo, h264 vs h265
  - maybe just color these "keywords" in all search results?
@@ -173,8 +160,12 @@
  - could change junk filter from "no DKIM success" to explicit "DKIM failed"
  - add an auto-reply address (e.g. `reply-test@uninsane.org`) which reflects all incoming mail; use this (or a friend running this) for liveness checks

+### perf
+- add `pkgs.impure-cached.<foo>` package set to build things with ccache enabled
+  - every package here can be auto-generated, and marked with some env var so that it doesn't pollute the pure package set
+  - would be super handy for package prototyping!
+
 ## NEW FEATURES:
- migrate Kodi box to nix
 - migrate MAME cabinet to nix
  - boot it from PXE from servo?
 - enable IPv6
--- a/default.nix
+++ b/default.nix
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 { ... }@args:
 let
-  sane-nix-files = import ./pkgs/by-name/sane-nix-files/package.nix { };
+  sane-nix-files = import ./pkgs/additional/sane-nix-files { };
 in
  import "${sane-nix-files}/impure.nix" args
--- a/hosts/by-name/crappy/default.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/crappy/default.nix
@@ -30,4 +30,16 @@
  # sane.programs.guiApps.enableFor.user.colin = false;

  # sane.programs.pcGuiApps.enableFor.user.colin = false;  #< errors!
+
+  sane.programs.blueberry.enableFor.user.colin = false;  # bluetooth manager: doesn't cross compile!
+  # sane.programs.brave.enableFor.user.colin = false;  # 2024/06/03: fails eval if enabled on cross
+  # sane.programs.firefox.enableFor.user.colin = false;  # 2024/06/03: this triggers an eval error in yarn stuff -- i'm doing IFD somewhere!!?
+  sane.programs.mepo.enableFor.user.colin = false;  # 2024/06/04: doesn't cross compile (nodejs)
+  sane.programs.mercurial.enableFor.user.colin = false;  # 2024/06/03: does not cross compile
+  sane.programs.nixpkgs-review.enableFor.user.colin = false;  # 2024/06/03: OOMs when cross compiling
+  sane.programs.ntfy-sh.enableFor.user.colin = false;  # 2024/06/04: doesn't cross compile (nodejs)
+  sane.programs.pwvucontrol.enableFor.user.colin = false;  # 2024/06/03: doesn't cross compile (libspa-sys)
+  sane.programs."sane-scripts.bt-search".enableFor.user.colin = false;  # 2024/06/03: does not cross compile
+  sane.programs.sequoia.enableFor.user.colin = false;  # 2024/06/03: does not cross compile
+  sane.programs.zathura.enableFor.user.colin = false;  # 2024/06/03: does not cross compile
 }
--- a/hosts/by-name/desko/default.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/desko/default.nix
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-{ config, pkgs, ... }:
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
 {
  imports = [
    ./fs.nix
  ];

-  sane.services.hickory-dns.asSystemResolver = false;  # TEMPORARY: TODO: re-enable hickory-dns
+  sane.services.trust-dns.asSystemResolver = false;  # TEMPORARY: TODO: re-enable trust-dns
  # sane.programs.devPkgs.enableFor.user.colin = true;
  # sane.guest.enable = true;

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@

  sane.roles.build-machine.enable = true;
  sane.roles.client = true;
+  sane.roles.dev-machine = true;
  sane.roles.pc = true;
-  sane.services.ollama.enable = true;
  sane.services.wg-home.enable = true;
  sane.services.wg-home.ip = config.sane.hosts.by-name."desko".wg-home.ip;
  sane.ovpn.addrV4 = "172.26.55.21";
@@ -32,28 +32,26 @@

  sane.nixcache.remote-builders.desko = false;

-  sane.programs.firefox.config.formFactor = "desktop";
-
  sane.programs.sane-private-unlock-remote.enableFor.user.colin = true;
  sane.programs.sane-private-unlock-remote.config.hosts = [ "servo" ];

  sane.programs.sway.enableFor.user.colin = true;
+  sane.programs.iphoneUtils.enableFor.user.colin = true;
  sane.programs.steam.enableFor.user.colin = true;

+  sane.programs.geary.config.autostart = true;
+  sane.programs.signal-desktop.config.autostart = true;
+
  sane.programs.nwg-panel.config = {
    battery = false;
    brightness = false;
  };

-  sane.programs.mpv.config.defaultProfile = "high-quality";
-
  sane.image.extraBootFiles = [ pkgs.bootpart-uefi-x86_64 ];

  # needed to use libimobiledevice/ifuse, for iphone sync
  services.usbmuxd.enable = true;

-  hardware.amdgpu.opencl.enable = true;  # desktop (AMD's opencl implementation AKA "ROCM"); probably required for ollama
-
  # TODO: enable snapper (need to make `/nix` or `/nix/persist` a subvolume, somehow).
  # default config: https://man.archlinux.org/man/snapper-configs.5
  # defaults to something like:
--- a/hosts/by-name/desko/fs.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/desko/fs.nix
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 {
  # increase /tmp space (defaults to 50% of RAM) for building large nix things.
  # a cross-compiled kernel, particularly, will easily use 30+GB of tmp
-  fileSystems."/tmp".options = [ "size=128G" ];
+  fileSystems."/tmp".options = [ "size=64G" ];

  fileSystems."/nix" = {
    device = "/dev/disk/by-uuid/845d85bf-761d-431b-a406-e6f20909154f";
--- a/hosts/by-name/lappy/default.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/lappy/default.nix
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
  ];

  sane.roles.client = true;
+  sane.roles.dev-machine = true;
  sane.roles.pc = true;
  sane.services.wg-home.enable = true;
  sane.services.wg-home.ip = config.sane.hosts.by-name."lappy".wg-home.ip;
@@ -17,18 +18,16 @@
  sane.programs.sane-private-unlock-remote.enableFor.user.colin = true;
  sane.programs.sane-private-unlock-remote.config.hosts = [ "servo" ];

-  sane.programs.firefox.config.formFactor = "laptop";
  sane.programs.stepmania.enableFor.user.colin = true;
  sane.programs.sway.enableFor.user.colin = true;

+  sane.programs.geary.config.autostart = true;
+  sane.programs.signal-desktop.config.autostart = true;
+
  sops.secrets.colin-passwd.neededForUsers = true;

  sane.services.rsync-net.enable = true;

-  # starting 2024/09, under default settings (apparently 256 quantum), audio would crackle under load.
-  # 1024 solves *most* crackles, but still noticable under heavier loads.
-  sane.programs.pipewire.config.min-quantum = 2048;
-
  # TODO: enable snapper (need to make `/nix` or `/nix/persist` a subvolume, somehow).
  # default config: https://man.archlinux.org/man/snapper-configs.5
  # defaults to something like:
--- a/hosts/by-name/moby/default.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/moby/default.nix
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@
 # - Mobian wiki: <https://wiki.mobian-project.org/doku.php?id=start>
 #   - recommended apps, chatrooms

-{ config, ... }:
+{ config, pkgs, lib, ... }:
 {
  imports = [
    ./fs.nix
  ];

-  sane.hal.pine64-pinephone-pro.enable = true;
+  sane.hal.pine64.enable = true;
  sane.roles.client = true;
  sane.roles.handheld = true;
  sane.services.wg-home.enable = true;
@@ -30,16 +30,20 @@

  sane.programs.sway.enableFor.user.colin = true;
  sane.programs.sway.config.mod = "Mod1";  #< alt key instead of Super
+  sane.programs.blueberry.enableFor.user.colin = false;  # bluetooth manager: doesn't cross compile!
+  sane.programs.fcitx5.enableFor.user.colin = false;  # does not cross compile
+  sane.programs.mercurial.enableFor.user.colin = false;  # does not cross compile
+  sane.programs.nvme-cli.enableFor.system = false;  # does not cross compile (libhugetlbfs)

  # enabled for easier debugging
  sane.programs.eg25-control.enableFor.user.colin = true;
  # sane.programs.rtl8723cs-wowlan.enableFor.user.colin = true;
-  # sane.programs.eg25-manager.enableFor.user.colin = true;

  # sane.programs.ntfy-sh.config.autostart = true;
  sane.programs.dino.config.autostart = true;
-  sane.programs.signal-desktop.config.autostart = false;
-  sane.programs.geary.config.autostart = false;
+  sane.programs.signal-desktop.config.autostart = true;
+  # sane.programs.geary.config.autostart = true;
+  # sane.programs.calls.config.autostart = true;

  sane.programs.pipewire.config = {
    # tune so Dino doesn't drop audio
@@ -57,8 +61,7 @@
    max-quantum = 8192;
  };

-  sane.programs.mpv.config.defaultProfile = "fast";
-
-  # /boot space is at a premium, especially with uncompressed kernels. default was 20.
-  boot.loader.generic-extlinux-compatible.configurationLimit = 10;
+  # /boot space is at a premium. default was 20.
+  # even 10 can be too much
+  boot.loader.generic-extlinux-compatible.configurationLimit = 8;
 }
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/default.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/default.nix
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 {
  imports = [
    ./fs.nix
-    ./net
+    ./net.nix
    ./services
  ];

@@ -21,14 +21,22 @@
    "sane-scripts.stop-all-servo"
  ];
  sane.services.dyn-dns.enable = true;
+  sane.services.trust-dns.asSystemResolver = false;  # TODO: enable once it's all working well
+  sane.services.wg-home.enable = true;
+  sane.services.wg-home.visibleToWan = true;
+  sane.services.wg-home.forwardToWan = true;
+  sane.services.wg-home.routeThroughServo = false;
+  sane.services.wg-home.ip = config.sane.hosts.by-name."servo".wg-home.ip;
+  sane.ovpn.addrV4 = "172.23.174.114";
+  # sane.ovpn.addrV6 = "fd00:0000:1337:cafe:1111:1111:8df3:14b0";
  sane.nixcache.remote-builders.desko = false;
  sane.nixcache.remote-builders.servo = false;
  sane.services.rsync-net.enable = true;

  # automatically log in at the virtual consoles.
  # using root here makes sure we always have an escape hatch.
-  # XXX(2024-07-27): this is incompatible if using s6, which needs to auto-login as `colin` to start its user services.
-  services.getty.autologinUser = "root";
+  # XXX(2024-07-27): this is incompatible with my s6-rc stuff, which needs to auto-login as `colin` to start its user services.
+  # services.getty.autologinUser = "root";

  sane.image.extraBootFiles = [ pkgs.bootpart-uefi-x86_64 ];

--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/fs.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/fs.nix
@@ -1,9 +1,60 @@
+# zfs docs:
+# - <https://nixos.wiki/wiki/ZFS>
+# - <repo:nixos/nixpkgs:nixos/modules/tasks/filesystems/zfs.nix>
+#
+# zfs check health: `zpool status`
+#
+# zfs pool creation (requires `boot.supportedFilesystems = [ "zfs" ];`
+# - 1. identify disk IDs: `ls -l /dev/disk/by-id`
+# - 2. pool these disks: `zpool create -f -m legacy pool raidz ata-ST4000VN008-2DR166_WDH0VB45 ata-ST4000VN008-2DR166_WDH17616 ata-ST4000VN008-2DR166_WDH0VC8Q ata-ST4000VN008-2DR166_WDH17680`
+#   - legacy documented: <https://superuser.com/questions/790036/what-is-a-zfs-legacy-mount-point>
+# - 3. enable acl support: `zfs set acltype=posixacl pool`
+#
+# import pools: `zpool import pool`
+# show zfs datasets: `zfs list` (will be empty if haven't imported)
+# show zfs properties (e.g. compression): `zfs get all pool`
+# set zfs properties: `zfs set compression=on pool`
 { lib, pkgs, ... }:

 {
  # hostId: not used for anything except zfs guardrail?
  #   [hex(ord(x)) for x in 'serv']
-  # networking.hostId = "73657276";
+  networking.hostId = "73657276";
+  boot.supportedFilesystems = [ "zfs" ];
+  # boot.zfs.enabled = true;
+  boot.zfs.forceImportRoot = false;
+  # scrub all zfs pools weekly:
+  services.zfs.autoScrub.enable = true;
+  boot.extraModprobeConfig = ''
+    ### zfs_arc_max tunable:
+    # ZFS likes to use half the ram for its own cache and let the kernel push everything else to swap.
+    # so, reduce its cache size
+    # see: <https://askubuntu.com/a/1290387>
+    # see: <https://serverfault.com/a/1119083>
+    # see: <https://openzfs.github.io/openzfs-docs/Performance%20and%20Tuning/Module%20Parameters.html#zfs-arc-max>
+    # for all tunables, see: `man 4 zfs`
+    # to update these parameters without rebooting:
+    # - `echo '4294967296' | sane-sudo-redirect /sys/module/zfs/parameters/zfs_arc_max`
+    ### zfs_bclone_enabled tunable
+    # this allows `cp --reflink=always FOO BAR` to work. i.e. shallow copies.
+    # it's unstable as of 2.2.3. led to *actual* corruption in 2.2.1, but hopefully better by now.
+    # - <https://github.com/openzfs/zfs/issues/405>
+    # note that `du -h` won't *always* show the reduced size for reflink'd files (?).
+    # `zpool get all | grep clone` seems to be the way to *actually* see how much data is being deduped
+    options zfs zfs_arc_max=4294967296 zfs_bclone_enabled=1
+  '';
+  # to be able to mount the pool like this, make sure to tell zfs to NOT manage it itself.
+  # otherwise local-fs.target will FAIL and you will be dropped into a rescue shell.
+  # - `zfs set mountpoint=legacy pool`
+  # if done correctly, the pool can be mounted before this `fileSystems` entry is created:
+  # - `sudo mount -t zfs pool /mnt/persist/pool`
+  fileSystems."/mnt/pool" = {
+    device = "pool";
+    fsType = "zfs";
+    options = [ "acl" ];  #< not sure if this `acl` flag is actually necessary. it mounts without it.
+  };
+  # services.zfs.zed = ... # TODO: zfs can send me emails when disks fail
+  sane.programs.sysadminUtils.suggestedPrograms = [ "zfs-tools" ];

  sane.persist.stores."ext" = {
    origin = "/mnt/pool/persist";
@@ -29,33 +80,19 @@
    fsType = "vfat";
  };

-  fileSystems."/mnt/pool" = {
-    # all btrfs devices of the same RAID volume use the same UUID.
-    device = "UUID=40fc6e1d-ba41-44de-bbf3-1aa02c3441df";
+  # slow, external storage (for archiving, etc)
+  fileSystems."/mnt/usb-hdd" = {
+    device = "/dev/disk/by-uuid/aa272cff-0fcc-498e-a4cb-0d95fb60631b";
    fsType = "btrfs";
    options = [
-      # "compress=zstd"  #< not much point in compressing... mostly videos and music; media.
+      "compress=zstd"
      "defaults"
-      # `device=...` only needed if `btrfs scan` hasn't yet been run
-      # see: <https://askubuntu.com/a/484374>
-      # i don't know what guarantees NixOS/systemd make about that, so specifying all devices for now
-      # "device=/dev/disk/by-partuuid/14a7d00a-be53-2b4e-96f9-7e2c964674ec"  #< removed 2024-11-24 (for capacity upgrade)
-      "device=/dev/disk/by-partuuid/409a147e-2282-49eb-87a7-c968032ede88"  #< added 2024-11-24
-      "device=/dev/disk/by-partuuid/6b86cc10-c3cc-ec4d-b20d-b6688f0959a6"
-      # "device=/dev/disk/by-partuuid/7fd85cac-b6f3-8248-af4e-68e703d11020"  #< removed 2024-11-13 (early drive failure)
-      "device=/dev/disk/by-partuuid/d9ad5ebc-0fc4-4d89-9fd0-619ce5210f1b"  #< added 2024-11-13
-      "device=/dev/disk/by-partuuid/ef0e5c7b-fccf-f444-bac4-534424326159"
-      "nofail"
-      # "x-systemd.before=local-fs.target"
-      "x-systemd.device-bound=false"  #< don't unmount when `device` disappears (i thought this was necessary, for drive replacement, but it might not be)
-      "x-systemd.device-timeout=60s"
-      "x-systemd.mount-timeout=60s"
    ];
  };
+  sane.fs."/mnt/usb-hdd".mount = {};

-  # TODO: move this elsewhere and automate the ACLs!
  # FIRST TIME SETUP FOR MEDIA DIRECTORY:
-  # - set the group sticky bit: `sudo find /var/media -type d -exec chmod g+s {} +`
+  # - set the group stick bit: `sudo find /var/media -type d -exec chmod g+s {} +`
  #   - this ensures new files/dirs inherit the group of their parent dir (instead of the user who creates them)
  # - ensure everything under /var/media is mounted with `-o acl`, to support acls
  # - ensure all files are rwx by group: `setfacl --recursive --modify d:g::rwx /var/media`
@@ -78,6 +115,7 @@
  sane.fs."/var/media/Books/Books".dir = {};
  sane.fs."/var/media/Books/Visual".dir = {};
  sane.fs."/var/media/collections".dir = {};
+  # sane.fs."/var/media/datasets".dir = {};
  sane.fs."/var/media/freeleech".dir = {};
  sane.fs."/var/media/Music".dir = {};
  sane.fs."/var/media/Pictures".dir = {};
@@ -86,6 +124,13 @@
  sane.fs."/var/media/Videos/Shows".dir = {};
  sane.fs."/var/media/Videos/Talks".dir = {};

+  # this is file.text instead of symlink.text so that it may be read over a remote mount (where consumers might not have any /nix/store/.../README.md path)
+  sane.fs."/var/lib/uninsane/datasets/README.md".file.text = ''
+    this directory may seem redundant with ../media/datasets. it isn't.
+    this directory exists on SSD, allowing for speedy access to specific datasets when necessary.
+    the contents should be a subset of what's in ../media/datasets.
+  '';
+
  systemd.services.dedupe-media = {
    description = "transparently de-duplicate /var/media entries by using block-level hardlinks";
    script = ''
@@ -99,5 +144,28 @@
      OnUnitActiveSec = "720min";
    };
  };
+
+  # btrfs doesn't easily support swapfiles
+  # swapDevices = [
+  #   { device = "/nix/persist/swapfile"; size = 4096; }
+  # ];
+
+  # this can be a partition. create with:
+  #   fdisk <dev>
+  #     n
+  #     <default partno>
+  #     <start>
+  #     <end>
+  #     t
+  #     <partno>
+  #     19  # set part type to Linux swap
+  #     w   # write changes
+  #   mkswap -L swap <part>
+  # swapDevices = [
+  #   {
+  #     label = "swap";
+  #     # TODO: randomEncryption.enable = true;
+  #   }
+  # ];
 }

--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/net.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/net.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
+
+let
+  portOpts = with lib; types.submodule {
+    options = {
+      visibleTo.ovpns = mkOption {
+        type = types.bool;
+        default = false;
+        description = ''
+          whether to forward inbound traffic on the OVPN vpn port to the corresponding localhost port.
+        '';
+      };
+      visibleTo.doof = mkOption {
+        type = types.bool;
+        default = false;
+        description = ''
+          whether to forward inbound traffic on the doofnet vpn port to the corresponding localhost port.
+        '';
+      };
+    };
+  };
+in
+{
+  options = with lib; {
+    sane.ports.ports = mkOption {
+      # add the `visibleTo.{doof,ovpns}` options
+      type = types.attrsOf portOpts;
+    };
+  };
+
+  config = {
+    networking.domain = "uninsane.org";
+    systemd.network.networks."50-eth0" = {
+      matchConfig.Name = "eth0";
+      networkConfig.Address = [
+        "205.201.63.12/32"
+        "10.78.79.51/22"
+      ];
+      networkConfig.DNS = [ "10.78.79.1" ];
+    };
+
+    sane.ports.openFirewall = true;
+    sane.ports.openUpnp = true;
+
+    # unless we add interface-specific settings for each VPN, we have to define nameservers globally.
+    # networking.nameservers = [
+    #   "1.1.1.1"
+    #   "9.9.9.9"
+    # ];
+
+    # services.resolved.extraConfig = ''
+    #   # docs: `man resolved.conf`
+    #   # DNS servers to use via the `wg-ovpns` interface.
+    #   #   i hope that from the root ns, these aren't visible.
+    #   DNS=46.227.67.134%wg-ovpns 192.165.9.158%wg-ovpns
+    #   FallbackDNS=1.1.1.1 9.9.9.9
+    # '';
+
+    # tun-sea config
+    sane.dns.zones."uninsane.org".inet.A."doof.tunnel" = "205.201.63.12";
+    # sane.dns.zones."uninsane.org".inet.AAAA."doof.tunnel" = "2602:fce8:106::51";  #< TODO: enable IPv6
+    networking.wireguard.interfaces.wg-doof = {
+      privateKeyFile = config.sops.secrets.wg_doof_privkey.path;
+      # wg is active only in this namespace.
+      # run e.g. ip netns exec doof <some command like ping/curl/etc, it'll go through wg>
+      #   sudo ip netns exec doof ping www.google.com
+      interfaceNamespace = "doof";
+      ips = [
+        "205.201.63.12"
+        # "2602:fce8:106::51/128"  #< TODO: enable IPv6
+      ];
+      peers = [
+        {
+          publicKey = "nuESyYEJ3YU0hTZZgAd7iHBz1ytWBVM5PjEL1VEoTkU=";
+          # TODO: configure DNS within the doof ns and use tun-sea.doof.net endpoint
+          # endpoint = "tun-sea.doof.net:53263";
+          endpoint = "205.201.63.44:53263";
+          allowedIPs = [ "0.0.0.0/0" "::/0" ];
+          persistentKeepalive = 25; #< keep the NAT alive
+        }
+      ];
+    };
+    sane.netns.doof.hostVethIpv4 = "10.0.2.5";
+    sane.netns.doof.netnsVethIpv4 = "10.0.2.6";
+    sane.netns.doof.netnsPubIpv4 = "205.201.63.12";
+    sane.netns.doof.routeTable = 12;
+
+    # OVPN CONFIG (https://www.ovpn.com):
+    # DOCS: https://nixos.wiki/wiki/WireGuard
+    # if you `systemctl restart wireguard-wg-ovpns`, make sure to also restart any other services in `NetworkNamespacePath = .../ovpns`.
+    # TODO: why not create the namespace as a seperate operation (nix config for that?)
+    networking.wireguard.enable = true;
+    networking.wireguard.interfaces.wg-ovpns = {
+      privateKeyFile = config.sops.secrets.wg_ovpns_privkey.path;
+      # wg is active only in this namespace.
+      # run e.g. ip netns exec ovpns <some command like ping/curl/etc, it'll go through wg>
+      #   sudo ip netns exec ovpns ping www.google.com
+      interfaceNamespace = "ovpns";
+      ips = [ "185.157.162.178" ];
+      peers = [
+        {
+          publicKey = "SkkEZDCBde22KTs/Hc7FWvDBfdOCQA4YtBEuC3n5KGs=";
+          endpoint = "185.157.162.10:9930";
+          # alternatively: use hostname, but that presents bootstrapping issues (e.g. if host net flakes)
+          # endpoint = "vpn36.prd.amsterdam.ovpn.com:9930";
+          allowedIPs = [ "0.0.0.0/0" ];
+          # nixOS says this is important for keeping NATs active
+          persistentKeepalive = 25;
+          # re-executes wg this often. docs hint that this might help wg notice DNS/hostname changes.
+          # so, maybe that helps if we specify endpoint as a domain name
+          # dynamicEndpointRefreshSeconds = 30;
+          # when refresh fails, try it again after this period instead.
+          # TODO: not avail until nixpkgs upgrade
+          # dynamicEndpointRefreshRestartSeconds = 5;
+        }
+      ];
+    };
+    sane.netns.ovpns.hostVethIpv4 = "10.0.1.5";
+    sane.netns.ovpns.netnsVethIpv4 = "10.0.1.6";
+    sane.netns.ovpns.netnsPubIpv4 = "185.157.162.178";
+    sane.netns.ovpns.routeTable = 11;
+    sane.netns.ovpns.dns = "46.227.67.134";  #< DNS requests inside the namespace are forwarded here
+  };
+}
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/net/default.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/net/default.nix
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-# debugging:
-# - enable logs (shows handshake attempts)
-#   - `echo module wireguard +p | sane-sudo-redirect /sys/kernel/debug/dynamic_debug/control`
-#   - `sudo dmesg --follow`
-#     patterns: "Sending keepalive packet to peer NN (N.N.N.N:NNNNN)"
-#     patterns: "Sending handshake initiation to peer NN (N.N.N.N:NNNNN)"
-# - when wg-doof and wg-ovpns stop routing traffic, restart with:
-#   - `systemctl restart netns-doof-wg`
-# - handshaking:
-#   - `wg show` should *always* show "latest handshake: N", with N < 2 minutes ago.
-{ lib, ... }:
-let
-  portOpts = with lib; types.submodule {
-    options = {
-      visibleTo.ovpns = mkOption {
-        type = types.bool;
-        default = false;
-        description = ''
-          whether to forward inbound traffic on the OVPN vpn port to the corresponding localhost port.
-        '';
-      };
-      visibleTo.doof = mkOption {
-        type = types.bool;
-        default = false;
-        description = ''
-          whether to forward inbound traffic on the doofnet vpn port to the corresponding localhost port.
-        '';
-      };
-    };
-  };
-in
-{
-  options = with lib; {
-    sane.ports.ports = mkOption {
-      # add the `visibleTo.{doof,ovpns}` options
-      type = types.attrsOf portOpts;
-    };
-  };
-
-  imports = [
-    ./doof.nix
-    ./ovpn.nix
-    ./wg-home.nix
-  ];
-
-  config = {
-    networking.domain = "uninsane.org";
-    systemd.network.networks."50-eth0" = {
-      matchConfig.Name = "eth0";
-      networkConfig.Address = [
-        "205.201.63.12/32"
-        "10.78.79.51/22"
-      ];
-      networkConfig.DNS = [ "10.78.79.1" ];
-    };
-
-    sane.ports.openFirewall = true;
-    sane.ports.openUpnp = true;
-  };
-}
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/net/doof.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/net/doof.nix
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-{ config, ... }:
-{
-  # tun-sea config
-  sane.dns.zones."uninsane.org".inet.A."doof.tunnel" = "205.201.63.12";
-  # sane.dns.zones."uninsane.org".inet.AAAA."doof.tunnel" = "2602:fce8:106::51";  #< TODO: enable IPv6 (i have /128)
-
-  # if the tunnel breaks, restart it manually:
-  # - `systemctl restart netns-doof.service`
-  sane.netns.doof = {
-    veth.initns.ipv4 = "10.0.2.5";
-    veth.netns.ipv4 = "10.0.2.6";
-    routeTable = 12;
-    # wg.port = 51821;
-    wg.privateKeyFile = config.sops.secrets.wg_doof_privkey.path;
-    wg.address.ipv4 = "205.201.63.12";
-    wg.peer.publicKey = "nuESyYEJ3YU0hTZZgAd7iHBz1ytWBVM5PjEL1VEoTkU=";
-    wg.peer.endpoint = "tun-sea.doof.net:53263";
-    # wg.peer.endpoint = "205.201.63.44:53263";
-  };
-
-  # inside doof, forward DNS requests back to the root machine
-  # this is fine: nothing inside the ns performs DNS except for wireguard,
-  # and we're not forwarding external DNS requests here
-  # XXX: ACTUALLY, CAN'T EASILY DO THAT BECAUSE HICKORY-DNS IS ALREADY USING PORT 53
-  # but that's ok, we don't really need DNS *inside* this namespace.
-  # sane.netns.doof.dns.ipv4 = config.sane.netns.doof.veth.netns.ipv4;
-}
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/net/ovpn.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/net/ovpn.nix
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-{ config, ... }:
-{
-  sane.ovpn.addrV4 = "172.23.174.114";
-  # sane.ovpn.addrV6 = "fd00:0000:1337:cafe:1111:1111:8df3:14b0";
-
-  # OVPN CONFIG (https://www.ovpn.com):
-  # DOCS: https://nixos.wiki/wiki/WireGuard
-  sane.netns.ovpns = {
-    veth.initns.ipv4 = "10.0.1.5";
-    veth.netns.ipv4 = "10.0.1.6";
-    routeTable = 11;
-    dns.ipv4 = "46.227.67.134";  #< DNS requests inside the namespace are forwarded here
-    # wg.port = 51822;
-    wg.privateKeyFile = config.sops.secrets.wg_ovpns_privkey.path;
-    wg.address.ipv4 = "185.157.162.178";
-    wg.peer.publicKey = "SkkEZDCBde22KTs/Hc7FWvDBfdOCQA4YtBEuC3n5KGs=";
-    wg.peer.endpoint = "vpn36.prd.amsterdam.ovpn.com:9930";
-    # wg.peer.endpoint = "185.157.162.10:9930";
-  };
-}
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/net/wg-home.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/net/wg-home.nix
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-{ config, ... }:
-{
-  sane.services.wg-home.enable = true;
-  sane.services.wg-home.visibleToWan = true;
-  sane.services.wg-home.forwardToWan = true;
-  sane.services.wg-home.routeThroughServo = false;
-  sane.services.wg-home.ip = config.sane.hosts.by-name."servo".wg-home.ip;
-  services.unbound.settings.server.interface = [
-    # provide DNS to my wireguard clients
-    config.sane.hosts.by-name."servo".wg-home.ip
-  ];
-  services.unbound.settings.server.access-control = [
-    "${config.sane.hosts.by-name."servo".wg-home.ip}/24 allow"
-  ];
-}
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/coturn.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/coturn.nix
@@ -104,6 +104,13 @@ in
    SRV."_turns._tcp" =                       "5 50 5349 turn";
  };

+  sane.derived-secrets."/var/lib/coturn/shared_secret.bin" = {
+    encoding = "base64";
+    # TODO: make this not globally readable
+    acl.mode = "0644";
+  };
+  sane.fs."/var/lib/coturn/shared_secret.bin".wantedBeforeBy = [ "coturn.service" ];
+
  # provide access to certs
  users.users.turnserver.extraGroups = [ "nginx" ];

@@ -112,14 +119,9 @@ in
  services.coturn.cert = "/var/lib/acme/turn.uninsane.org/fullchain.pem";
  services.coturn.pkey = "/var/lib/acme/turn.uninsane.org/key.pem";

-  # N.B.: prosody needs to read this shared secret
-  sops.secrets."coturn_shared_secret".owner = "turnserver";
-  sops.secrets."coturn_shared_secret".group = "turnserver";
-  sops.secrets."coturn_shared_secret".mode = "0440";
-
  #v disable to allow unauthenticated access (or set `services.coturn.no-auth = true`)
  services.coturn.use-auth-secret = true;
-  services.coturn.static-auth-secret-file = "/run/secrets/coturn_shared_secret";
+  services.coturn.static-auth-secret-file = "/var/lib/coturn/shared_secret.bin";
  services.coturn.lt-cred-mech = true; #< XXX: use-auth-secret overrides lt-cred-mech

  services.coturn.min-port = turnPortLow;
@@ -129,11 +131,11 @@ in
    "verbose"
    # "Verbose"  #< even MORE verbosity than "verbose"  (it's TOO MUCH verbosity really)
    "no-multicast-peers"  # disables sending to IPv4 broadcast addresses (e.g. 224.0.0.0/3)
-    # "listening-ip=${config.sane.netns.ovpns.veth.initns.ipv4}" "external-ip=${config.sane.netns.ovpns.wg.address.ipv4}"  #< 2024/04/25: works, if running in root namespace
-    "listening-ip=${config.sane.netns.ovpns.wg.address.ipv4}" "external-ip=${config.sane.netns.ovpns.wg.address.ipv4}"
+    # "listening-ip=${config.sane.netns.ovpns.hostVethIpv4}" "external-ip=${config.sane.netns.ovpns.netnsPubIpv4}"  #< 2024/04/25: works, if running in root namespace
+    "listening-ip=${config.sane.netns.ovpns.netnsPubIpv4}" "external-ip=${config.sane.netns.ovpns.netnsPubIpv4}"

    # old attempts:
-    # "external-ip=${config.sane.netns.ovpns.wg.address.ipv4}/${config.sane.netns.ovpns.veth.initns.ipv4}"
+    # "external-ip=${config.sane.netns.ovpns.netnsPubIpv4}/${config.sane.netns.ovpns.hostVethIpv4}"
    # "listening-ip=10.78.79.51"  # can be specified multiple times; omit for *
    # "external-ip=97.113.128.229/10.78.79.51"
    # "external-ip=97.113.128.229"
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/cryptocurrencies/bitcoin.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/cryptocurrencies/bitcoin.nix
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ let
  _bitcoindWithExternalIp = pkgs.writeShellScriptBin "bitcoind" ''
    set -xeu
    externalip="$(cat /var/lib/tor/onion/bitcoind/hostname)"
-    exec ${lib.getExe' bitcoind "bitcoind"} "-externalip=$externalip" "$@"
+    exec ${bitcoind}/bin/bitcoind "-externalip=$externalip" "$@"
  '';
  # the package i provide to services.bitcoind ends up on system PATH, and used by other tools like clightning.
  # therefore, even though services.bitcoind only needs `bitcoind` binary, provide all the other bitcoin-related binaries (notably `bitcoin-cli`) as well:
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/cryptocurrencies/clightning.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/cryptocurrencies/clightning.nix
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
    # peerswap:
    # - config example: <https://github.com/fort-nix/nix-bitcoin/pull/462/files#diff-b357d832705b8ce8df1f41934d613f79adb77c4cd5cd9e9eb12a163fca3e16c6>
    # XXX: peerswap crashes clightning on launch. stacktrace is useless.
-    # plugin={lib.getExe' pkgs.peerswap "peerswap"}
+    # plugin={pkgs.peerswap}/bin/peerswap
    # peerswap-db-path=/var/lib/clightning/peerswap/swaps
    # peerswap-policy-path=...
  '';
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/default.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/default.nix
@@ -7,29 +7,27 @@
    ./ejabberd.nix
    ./freshrss.nix
    ./export
-    ./hickory-dns.nix
-    ./gerbera.nix
    ./gitea.nix
    ./goaccess.nix
    ./ipfs.nix
    ./jackett
-    ./jellyfin
+    ./jellyfin.nix
    ./kiwix-serve.nix
    ./komga.nix
    ./lemmy.nix
    ./matrix
-    ./minidlna.nix
-    ./mumble.nix
    ./navidrome.nix
    ./nginx.nix
    ./nixos-prebuild.nix
    ./ntfy
+    ./ollama.nix
    ./pict-rs.nix
    ./pleroma.nix
    ./postgres.nix
    ./prosody
    ./slskd.nix
    ./transmission
+    ./trust-dns.nix
    ./wikipedia.nix
  ];
 }
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/ejabberd.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/ejabberd.nix
@@ -457,12 +457,13 @@ lib.mkIf false
        mod_version = {};
      };
    });
+    sed = "${pkgs.gnused}/bin/sed";
  in ''
    ip=$(cat '${config.sane.services.dyn-dns.ipPath}')
    # config is 444 (not 644), so we want to write out-of-place and then atomically move
    # TODO: factor this out into `sane-woop` helper?
    rm -f /var/lib/ejabberd/ejabberd.yaml.new
-    ${lib.getExe pkgs.gnused} "s/%ANATIVE%/$ip/g" ${config-in} > /var/lib/ejabberd/ejabberd.yaml.new
+    ${sed} "s/%ANATIVE%/$ip/g" ${config-in} > /var/lib/ejabberd/ejabberd.yaml.new
    mv /var/lib/ejabberd/ejabberd.yaml{.new,}
  '';

--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/email/postfix.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/email/postfix.nix
@@ -162,13 +162,16 @@ in
  services.postfix.enableSubmissions = true;
  services.postfix.submissionsOptions = submissionOptions;

+  systemd.services.postfix.after = [ "wireguard-wg-ovpns.service" ];
+  systemd.services.postfix.partOf = [ "wireguard-wg-ovpns.service" ];
  systemd.services.postfix.unitConfig.RequiresMountsFor = [
    "/var/spool/mail"  # spooky errors when postfix is run w/o this: `warning: connect #1 to subsystem private/proxymap: Connection refused`
    "/var/lib/opendkim"
  ];
-
-  # run these behind the OVPN static VPN
-  sane.netns.ovpns.services = [ "opendkim" "postfix" ];
+  systemd.services.postfix.serviceConfig = {
+    # run this behind the OVPN static VPN
+    NetworkNamespacePath = "/run/netns/ovpns";
+  };


  #### OPENDKIM
@@ -187,7 +190,11 @@ in
  # keeping this the same as the hostname seems simplest
  services.opendkim.selector = "mx";

+  systemd.services.opendkim.after = [ "wireguard-wg-ovpns.service" ];
+  systemd.services.opendkim.partOf = [ "wireguard-wg-ovpns.service" ];
  systemd.services.opendkim.serviceConfig = {
+    # run this behind the OVPN static VPN
+    NetworkNamespacePath = "/run/netns/ovpns";
    # /run/opendkim/opendkim.sock needs to be rw by postfix
    UMask = lib.mkForce "0011";
  };
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/export/default.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/export/default.nix
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
  fileSystems."/var/export/media" = {
    # everything in here could be considered publicly readable (based on the viewer's legal jurisdiction)
    device = "/var/media";
-    options = [ "rbind" "nofail" ];
+    options = [ "rbind" ];
  };
  # fileSystems."/var/export/playground" = {
  #   device = config.fileSystems."/mnt/persist/ext".device;
@@ -34,16 +34,18 @@
  ];

  sane.fs."/var/export/README.md" = {
+    wantedBy = [ "nfs.service" "sftpgo.service" ];
    file.text = ''
      - media/         read-only:  Videos, Music, Books, etc
-      - playground/    read-write*: use it to share files with other users of this server, inaccessible from the www
-                                    *if you can't write to it, make sure you're connected to the WiFi and not mobile.
+      - playground/    read-write: use it to share files with other users of this server, inaccessible from the www
+      - pub/           read-only:  content made to be shared with the www
    '';
  };

  sane.fs."/var/export/playground/README.md" = {
+    wantedBy = [ "nfs.service" "sftpgo.service" ];
    file.text = ''
-      this directory is intentionally read+write by anyone with access.
+      this directory is intentionally read+write by anyone with access (i.e. on the LAN).
      - share files
      - write poetry
      - be a friendly troll
@@ -51,6 +53,7 @@
  };

  sane.fs."/var/export/.public_for_test/test" = {
+    wantedBy = [ "nfs.service" "sftpgo.service" ];
    file.text = ''
      automated tests read this file to probe connectivity
    '';
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/export/sftpgo/default.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/export/sftpgo/default.nix
@@ -102,14 +102,14 @@ in
          }
          {
            # binding this means any doof client can connect (TLS only)
-            address = config.sane.netns.doof.veth.initns.ipv4;
+            address = config.sane.netns.doof.hostVethIpv4;
            port = 990;
            debug = true;
            tls_mode = 2;  # 2 = "implicit FTPS": client negotiates TLS before any FTP command.
          }
          {
            # binding this means any LAN client can connect via `ftp.uninsane.org` (TLS only)
-            address = config.sane.netns.doof.wg.address.ipv4;
+            address = config.sane.netns.doof.netnsPubIpv4;
            port = 990;
            debug = true;
            tls_mode = 2;  # 2 = "implicit FTPS": client negotiates TLS before any FTP command.
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ in
      };
      data_provider = {
        driver = "memory";
-        external_auth_hook = lib.getExe external_auth_hook;
+        external_auth_hook = "${external_auth_hook}/bin/external_auth_hook";
        # track_quota:
        # - 0: disable quota tracking
        # - 1: quota is updated on every upload/delete, even if user has no quota restriction
@@ -158,15 +158,14 @@ in
  ];

  systemd.services.sftpgo = {
-    after = [ "network-online.target" ];  #< so that it reliably binds to all interfaces/netns's?
+    after = [ "network-online.target" ];
    wants = [ "network-online.target" ];
-    unitConfig.RequiresMountsFor = [
-      "/var/export/media"
-      "/var/export/playground"
-    ];
-    serviceConfig.ReadWritePaths = [ "/var/export" ];
-    serviceConfig.Restart = "always";
-    serviceConfig.RestartSec = "20s";
-    serviceConfig.UMask = lib.mkForce "0002";
+    serviceConfig = {
+      ReadWritePaths = [ "/var/export" ];
+
+      Restart = "always";
+      RestartSec = "20s";
+      UMask = lib.mkForce "0002";
+    };
  };
 }
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/export/sftpgo/external_auth_hook
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/export/sftpgo/external_auth_hook
@@ -69,12 +69,8 @@ TRUSTED_CREDS = [
  # /etc/shadow style creds.
  # mkpasswd -m sha-512
  # $<method>$<salt>$<hash>
-  "$6$Zq3c2u4ghUH4S6EP$pOuRt13sEKfX31OqPbbd1LuhS21C9MICMc94iRdTAgdAcJ9h95gQH/6Jf6Ie4Obb0oxQtojRJ1Pd/9QHOlFMW.",  #< m. rocket boy
-  "$6$B0NLGNdCL51PNse1$46G.aA1ATWIv5v.jUsKf4F3NS7emV2jB2gkZ3MytZtMvw2pjniHmRl0fywRjKW9TuXTeK9T50v.H0f2BaQ4PT1",  #< v. telephony
+  "$6$Zq3c2u4ghUH4S6EP$pOuRt13sEKfX31OqPbbd1LuhS21C9MICMc94iRdTAgdAcJ9h95gQH/6Jf6Ie4Obb0oxQtojRJ1Pd/9QHOlFMW."  #< m. rocket boy
 ]
-TRUSTED_VIEWING_OR_PLAYGROUND_CREDS = [
-  # "$6$iikDajz5b.YH1.on$tfSzzBEtX8IeDiJJXCasOTxRTd7cFDKXU6dhlWYVhK6xDeJhV2fh6bmm1WIHItjIth9Eh9zNgUB8xibMIWCm/."  # fedi (2024-08-27); music appreciation
-];

 def mkAuthOk(username: str, permissions: dict[str, list[str]]) -> dict:
  return dict(
@@ -116,8 +112,8 @@ def isLan(ip: str) -> bool:
 def isWireguard(ip: str) -> bool:
  return ip.startswith("10.0.10.")

-def isTrustedCred(password: str, credlist: list[str] = TRUSTED_CREDS) -> bool:
-  for cred in credlist:
+def isTrustedCred(password: str) -> bool:
+  for cred in TRUSTED_CREDS:
    if passlib.hosts.linux_context.verify(password, cred):
      return True

@@ -134,22 +130,6 @@ def getAuthResponse(ip: str, username: str, password: str) -> dict:
      "/": PERM_RW,
      "/playground": PERM_RW,
      "/.public_for_test": PERM_RO,
-      "/media/Music": PERM_RO,  #< i am too picky about Music organization
-    })
-  if isTrustedCred(password, TRUSTED_VIEWING_OR_PLAYGROUND_CREDS) and username != "colin":
-    return mkAuthOk(username, permissions = {
-      # error prone, but... not the worst if i miss something
-      "/": PERM_LIST,
-      "/media/archive": PERM_DENY,
-      "/media/Books": PERM_RO,
-      "/media/collections": PERM_DENY,
-      "/media/games": PERM_RO,
-      "/media/Music": PERM_RO,
-      "/media/Pictures": PERM_RO,
-      "/media/torrents": PERM_DENY,
-      "/media/Videos": PERM_RO,
-      "/playground": PERM_RW,
-      "/.public_for_test": PERM_RO,
    })
  if isWireguard(ip):
    # allow any user from wireguard
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/gerbera.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/gerbera.nix
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-# gerbera UPNP/media server
-# accessible from TVs on the LAN
-# unauthenticated admin and playback UI at http://servo:49152/
-#
-# supposedly does transcoding, but i poked at it for 10 minutes and couldn't get that working
-#
-# compatibility:
-# - LG TV: music: all working
-# - LG TV: videos: mixed
-{ lib, ... }:
-lib.mkIf false  #< XXX(2024-11-17): WORKS, but no better than any other service; slow to index and transcoding doesn't work
-{
-  sane.ports.ports."1900" = {
-    protocol = [ "udp" ];
-    visibleTo.lan = true;
-    description = "colin-upnp-for-gerbera";
-  };
-  sane.ports.ports."49152" = {
-    protocol = [ "tcp" "udp" ];  # TODO: is udp required?
-    visibleTo.lan = true;
-    description = "colin-gerbera-http";
-  };
-
-  sane.persist.sys.byStore.plaintext = [
-    # persist the index database, since it takes a good 30 minutes to scan the media collection
-    { user = "mediatomb"; group = "mediatomb"; mode = "0700"; path = "/var/lib/gerbera"; method = "bind"; }
-  ];
-
-  services.mediatomb.enable = true;
-  services.mediatomb.serverName = "servo";
-  services.mediatomb.transcoding = true;
-  services.mediatomb.mediaDirectories = [
-    { path = "/var/media/Music"; recursive = true; hidden-files = false; }
-    { path = "/var/media/Videos/Film"; recursive = true; hidden-files = false; }
-    { path = "/var/media/Videos/Shows"; recursive = true; hidden-files = false; }
-  ];
-  users.users.mediatomb.extraGroups = [ "media" ];
-}
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/gitea.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/gitea.nix
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # config options: <https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/administration/config-cheat-sheet/>
 # TODO: service shouldn't run as `git` user, but as `gitea`
-{ pkgs, lib, ... }:
+{ config, pkgs, lib, ... }:

 {
  sane.persist.sys.byStore.private = [
@@ -11,23 +11,15 @@

  services.gitea.enable = true;
  services.gitea.user = "git";  # default is 'gitea'
+  services.gitea.database.type = "postgres";
+  services.gitea.database.user = "git";
  services.gitea.appName = "Perfectly Sane Git";
  # services.gitea.disableRegistration = true;

-  services.gitea.database.createDatabase = false;  # can only createDatabase if user ("git") == dbname ("gitea")
-  services.gitea.database.type = "postgres";
-  services.gitea.database.user = "git";
-  # createDatabase=false means manually specify the connection; see: <https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/268849>
-  services.gitea.database.name = "gitea";
+  services.gitea.database.createDatabase = false;  #< silence warning which wants db user and name to be equal
+  # TODO: remove this after merge: <https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/268849>
  services.gitea.database.socket = "/run/postgresql";  #< would have been set if createDatabase = true

-  services.postgresql.enable = true;
-  services.postgresql.ensureDatabases = [ "gitea" ];
-  services.postgresql.ensureUsers = [{
-    name = "git";
-    # ensureDBOwnership = true;  # not possible if db name ("gitea") != db username ("git"); one-time manual setup required to grant user ownership of the relevant db
-  }];
-
  # gitea doesn't create the git user
  users.users.git = {
    description = "Gitea Service";
@@ -94,7 +86,7 @@
      ENABLED = true;
      FROM = "notify.git@uninsane.org";
      PROTOCOL = "sendmail";
-      SENDMAIL_PATH = lib.getExe' pkgs.postfix "sendmail";
+      SENDMAIL_PATH = "${pkgs.postfix}/bin/sendmail";
      SENDMAIL_ARGS = "--";  # most "sendmail" programs take options, "--" will prevent an email address being interpreted as an option.
    };
    time = {
@@ -104,18 +96,18 @@
    };
  };

-  systemd.services.gitea.requires = [ "postgresql.service" ];
  systemd.services.gitea.serviceConfig = {
    # nix default is AF_UNIX AF_INET AF_INET6.
    # we need more protos for sendmail to work. i thought it only needed +AF_LOCAL, but that didn't work.
    RestrictAddressFamilies = lib.mkForce "~";
    # add maildrop to allow sendmail to work
-    ReadWritePaths = [
+    ReadWritePaths = lib.mkForce [
      "/var/lib/postfix/queue/maildrop"
+      "/var/lib/gitea"
    ];
  };

-  # services.openssh.settings.UsePAM = true;  #< required for `git` user to authenticate
+  services.openssh.settings.UsePAM = true;  #< required for `git` user to authenticate

  # hosted git (web view and for `git <cmd>` use
  # TODO: enable publog?
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/goaccess.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/goaccess.nix
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-{ lib, pkgs, ... }:
-lib.mkIf false  #< 2024/09/30: disabled because i haven't used it in several months
+{ pkgs, ... }:
 {
  # based on <https://bytes.fyi/real-time-goaccess-reports-with-nginx/>
  # log-format setting can be derived with this tool if custom:
@@ -11,7 +10,7 @@ lib.mkIf false  #< 2024/09/30: disabled because i haven't used it in several mon
    description = "GoAccess server monitoring";
    serviceConfig = {
      ExecStart = ''
-        ${lib.getExe pkgs.goaccess} \
+        ${pkgs.goaccess}/bin/goaccess \
          -f /var/log/nginx/public.log \
          --log-format=VCOMBINED \
          --real-time-html \
@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ lib.mkIf false  #< 2024/09/30: disabled because i haven't used it in several mon
          --port=7890 \
          -o /var/lib/goaccess/index.html
      '';
-      ExecReload = "${lib.getExe' pkgs.coreutils "kill"} -HUP $MAINPID";
+      ExecReload = "${pkgs.coreutils}/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID";
      Type = "simple";
      Restart = "on-failure";
      RestartSec = "10s";
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/jackett/default.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/jackett/default.nix
@@ -10,16 +10,15 @@ in
  ];
  services.jackett.enable = true;

-  # run this behind the OVPN static VPN
-  sane.netns.ovpns.services = [ "jackett" ];
+  systemd.services.jackett.after = [ "wireguard-wg-ovpns.service" ];
+  systemd.services.jackett.partOf = [ "wireguard-wg-ovpns.service" ];
  systemd.services.jackett = {
-    serviceConfig.ExecStartPre = [
-      # abort if public IP is not as expected
-      "${lib.getExe pkgs.sane-scripts.ip-check} --no-upnp --expect ${config.sane.netns.ovpns.wg.address.ipv4}"
-    ];
+    # run this behind the OVPN static VPN
+    serviceConfig.NetworkNamespacePath = "/run/netns/ovpns";
+    serviceConfig.ExecStartPre = [ "${lib.getExe pkgs.sane-scripts.ip-check} --no-upnp --expect ${config.sane.netns.ovpns.netnsPubIpv4}" ];  # abort if public IP is not as expected
    # patch in `--ListenPublic` so that it's reachable from the netns veth.
    # this also makes it reachable from the VPN pub address. oh well.
-    serviceConfig.ExecStart = lib.mkForce "${lib.getExe' cfg.package "Jackett"} --ListenPublic --NoUpdates --DataFolder '${cfg.dataDir}'";
+    serviceConfig.ExecStart = lib.mkForce "${cfg.package}/bin/Jackett --ListenPublic --NoUpdates --DataFolder '${cfg.dataDir}'";
    serviceConfig.RestartSec = "30s";

    # hardening (systemd-analyze security jackett)
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ in
    enableACME = true;
    # inherit kTLS;
    locations."/" = {
-      proxyPass = "http://${config.sane.netns.ovpns.veth.netns.ipv4}:9117";
+      proxyPass = "http://${config.sane.netns.ovpns.netnsVethIpv4}:9117";
      recommendedProxySettings = true;
    };
    locations."= /robots.txt".extraConfig = ''
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/jellyfin.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/jellyfin.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+# configuration options (today i don't store my config in nix):
+#
+# - jellyfin-web can be statically configured (result/share/jellyfin-web/config.json)
+#   - <https://jellyfin.org/docs/general/clients/web-config>
+#   - configure server list, plugins, "menuLinks", colors
+#
+# - jellfyin server is configured in /var/lib/jellfin/
+#   - root/default/<LibraryType>/
+#     - <LibraryName>.mblink: contains the directory name where this library lives
+#     - options.xml: contains preferences which were defined in the web UI during import
+#       - e.g. `EnablePhotos`, `EnableChapterImageExtraction`, etc.
+#   - config/encoding.xml: transcoder settings
+#   - config/system.xml: misc preferences like log file duration, audiobook resume settings, etc.
+#   - data/jellyfin.db: maybe account definitions? internal state?
+
+{ config, lib, ... }:
+
+{
+  # https://jellyfin.org/docs/general/networking/index.html
+  sane.ports.ports."1900" = {
+    protocol = [ "udp" ];
+    visibleTo.lan = true;
+    description = "colin-upnp-for-jellyfin";
+  };
+  sane.ports.ports."7359" = {
+    protocol = [ "udp" ];
+    visibleTo.lan = true;
+    description = "colin-jellyfin-specific-client-discovery";
+    # ^ not sure if this is necessary: copied this port from nixos jellyfin.openFirewall
+  };
+  # not sure if 8096/8920 get used either:
+  sane.ports.ports."8096" = {
+    protocol = [ "tcp" ];
+    visibleTo.lan = true;
+    description = "colin-jellyfin-http-lan";
+  };
+  sane.ports.ports."8920" = {
+    protocol = [ "tcp" ];
+    visibleTo.lan = true;
+    description = "colin-jellyfin-https-lan";
+  };
+
+  sane.persist.sys.byStore.plaintext = [
+    { user = "jellyfin"; group = "jellyfin"; mode = "0700"; path = "/var/lib/jellyfin"; method = "bind"; }
+  ];
+  sane.fs."/var/lib/jellyfin/config/logging.json" = {
+    # "Emby.Dlna" logging: <https://jellyfin.org/docs/general/networking/dlna>
+    symlink.text = ''
+      {
+        "Serilog": {
+          "MinimumLevel": {
+            "Default": "Information",
+            "Override": {
+              "Microsoft": "Warning",
+              "System": "Warning",
+              "Emby.Dlna": "Debug",
+              "Emby.Dlna.Eventing": "Debug"
+            }
+          },
+          "WriteTo": [
+            {
+              "Name": "Console",
+              "Args": {
+                "outputTemplate": "[{Timestamp:HH:mm:ss}] [{Level:u3}] [{ThreadId}] {SourceContext}: {Message:lj}{NewLine}{Exception}"
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "Enrich": [ "FromLogContext", "WithThreadId" ]
+        }
+      }
+    '';
+    wantedBeforeBy = [ "jellyfin.service" ];
+  };
+
+  # Jellyfin multimedia server
+  # this is mostly taken from the official jellfin.org docs
+  services.nginx.virtualHosts."jelly.uninsane.org" = {
+    forceSSL = true;
+    enableACME = true;
+    # inherit kTLS;
+
+    locations."/" = {
+      proxyPass = "http://127.0.0.1:8096";
+      extraConfig = ''
+        proxy_set_header Host $host;
+        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
+        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
+        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
+        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Protocol $scheme;
+        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $http_host;
+
+        # Disable buffering when the nginx proxy gets very resource heavy upon streaming
+        proxy_buffering off;
+      '';
+    };
+    # locations."/web/" = {
+    #   proxyPass = "http://127.0.0.1:8096/web/index.html";
+    #   extraConfig = ''
+    #     proxy_set_header Host $host;
+    #     proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
+    #     proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
+    #     proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
+    #     proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Protocol $scheme;
+    #     proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $http_host;
+    #   '';
+    # };
+    locations."/socket" = {
+      proxyPass = "http://127.0.0.1:8096";
+      extraConfig = ''
+        proxy_http_version 1.1;
+        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
+        proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
+
+        proxy_set_header Host $host;
+        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
+        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
+        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
+        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Protocol $scheme;
+        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $http_host;
+      '';
+    };
+  };
+
+  sane.dns.zones."uninsane.org".inet.CNAME."jelly" = "native";
+
+  services.jellyfin.enable = true;
+}
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/jellyfin/default.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/jellyfin/default.nix
@@ -1,171 +0,0 @@
-# configuration options (today only a *subset* of the config is done in nix)
-# - jellyfin-web can be statically configured (result/share/jellyfin-web/config.json)
-#   - <https://jellyfin.org/docs/general/clients/web-config>
-#   - configure server list, plugins, "menuLinks", colors
-#
-# - jellfyin server is configured in /var/lib/jellfin/
-#   - root/default/<LibraryType>/
-#     - <LibraryName>.mblink: contains the directory name where this library lives
-#     - options.xml: contains preferences which were defined in the web UI during import
-#       - e.g. `EnablePhotos`, `EnableChapterImageExtraction`, etc.
-#   - config/encoding.xml: transcoder settings
-#   - config/system.xml: misc preferences like log file duration, audiobook resume settings, etc.
-#   - data/jellyfin.db: maybe account definitions? internal state?
-#
-# N.B.: default install DOES NOT SUPPORT DLNA out of the box.
-#       one must install it as a "plugin", which can be done through the UI.
-{ lib, ... }:
-
-# lib.mkIf false  #< XXX(2024-11-17): disabled because it hasn't been working for months; web UI hangs on load, TVs see no files
-{
-  # https://jellyfin.org/docs/general/networking/index.html
-  sane.ports.ports."1900" = {
-    protocol = [ "udp" ];
-    visibleTo.lan = true;
-    description = "colin-upnp-for-jellyfin";
-  };
-  sane.ports.ports."7359" = {
-    protocol = [ "udp" ];
-    visibleTo.lan = true;
-    description = "colin-jellyfin-specific-client-discovery";
-    # ^ not sure if this is necessary: copied this port from nixos jellyfin.openFirewall
-  };
-  # not sure if 8096/8920 get used either:
-  sane.ports.ports."8096" = {
-    protocol = [ "tcp" ];
-    visibleTo.lan = true;
-    description = "colin-jellyfin-http-lan";
-  };
-  sane.ports.ports."8920" = {
-    protocol = [ "tcp" ];
-    visibleTo.lan = true;
-    description = "colin-jellyfin-https-lan";
-  };
-
-  sane.persist.sys.byStore.plaintext = [
-    { user = "jellyfin"; group = "jellyfin"; mode = "0700"; path = "/var/lib/jellyfin/data"; method = "bind"; }
-    { user = "jellyfin"; group = "jellyfin"; mode = "0700"; path = "/var/lib/jellyfin/metadata"; method = "bind"; }
-    # TODO: ship plugins statically, via nix. that'll be less fragile
-    { user = "jellyfin"; group = "jellyfin"; mode = "0700"; path = "/var/lib/jellyfin/plugins/DLNA_5.0.0.0"; method = "bind"; }
-    { user = "jellyfin"; group = "jellyfin"; mode = "0700"; path = "/var/lib/jellyfin/root"; method = "bind"; }
-  ];
-  sane.persist.sys.byStore.ephemeral = [
-    { user = "jellyfin"; group = "jellyfin"; mode = "0700"; path = "/var/lib/jellyfin/log"; method = "bind"; }
-    { user = "jellyfin"; group = "jellyfin"; mode = "0700"; path = "/var/lib/jellyfin/transcodes"; method = "bind"; }
-  ];
-
-  services.jellyfin.enable = true;
-  users.users.jellyfin.extraGroups = [ "media" ];
-
-  sane.fs."/var/lib/jellyfin".dir.acl = {
-    user = "jellyfin";
-    group = "jellyfin";
-    mode = "0700";
-  };
-
-  # `"Jellyfin.Plugin.Dlna": "Debug"` logging: <https://jellyfin.org/docs/general/networking/dlna>
-  # TODO: switch Dlna back to 'Information' once satisfied with stability
-  sane.fs."/var/lib/jellyfin/config/logging.json".symlink.text = ''
-    {
-      "Serilog": {
-        "MinimumLevel": {
-          "Default": "Information",
-          "Override": {
-            "Microsoft": "Warning",
-            "System": "Warning",
-            "Jellyfin.Plugin.Dlna": "Debug"
-          }
-        },
-        "WriteTo": [
-          {
-            "Name": "Console",
-            "Args": {
-              "outputTemplate": "[{Timestamp:HH:mm:ss}] [{Level:u3}] [{ThreadId}] {SourceContext}: {Message:lj}{NewLine}{Exception}"
-            }
-          }
-        ],
-        "Enrich": [ "FromLogContext", "WithThreadId" ]
-      }
-    }
-  '';
-
-  sane.fs."/var/lib/jellyfin/config/network.xml".file.text = ''
-    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-    <NetworkConfiguration xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
-      <BaseUrl />
-      <EnableHttps>false</EnableHttps>
-      <RequireHttps>false</RequireHttps>
-      <InternalHttpPort>8096</InternalHttpPort>
-      <InternalHttpsPort>8920</InternalHttpsPort>
-      <PublicHttpPort>8096</PublicHttpPort>
-      <PublicHttpsPort>8920</PublicHttpsPort>
-      <AutoDiscovery>true</AutoDiscovery>
-      <EnableUPnP>false</EnableUPnP>
-      <EnableIPv4>true</EnableIPv4>
-      <EnableIPv6>false</EnableIPv6>
-      <EnableRemoteAccess>true</EnableRemoteAccess>
-      <LocalNetworkSubnets>
-        <string>10.78.76.0/22</string>
-      </LocalNetworkSubnets>
-      <KnownProxies>
-        <string>127.0.0.1</string>
-        <string>localhost</string>
-        <string>10.78.79.1</string>
-      </KnownProxies>
-      <IgnoreVirtualInterfaces>false</IgnoreVirtualInterfaces>
-      <VirtualInterfaceNames />
-      <EnablePublishedServerUriByRequest>false</EnablePublishedServerUriByRequest>
-      <PublishedServerUriBySubnet />
-      <RemoteIPFilter />
-      <IsRemoteIPFilterBlacklist>false</IsRemoteIPFilterBlacklist>
-    </NetworkConfiguration>
-  '';
-
-  # guest user id is `5ad194d60dca41de84b332950ffc4308`
-  sane.fs."/var/lib/jellyfin/plugins/configurations/Jellyfin.Plugin.Dlna.xml".file.text = ''
-    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-    <DlnaPluginConfiguration xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
-      <EnablePlayTo>true</EnablePlayTo>
-      <ClientDiscoveryIntervalSeconds>60</ClientDiscoveryIntervalSeconds>
-      <BlastAliveMessages>true</BlastAliveMessages>
-      <AliveMessageIntervalSeconds>180</AliveMessageIntervalSeconds>
-      <SendOnlyMatchedHost>true</SendOnlyMatchedHost>
-      <DefaultUserId>5ad194d6-0dca-41de-84b3-32950ffc4308</DefaultUserId>
-    </DlnaPluginConfiguration>
-  '';
-
-  # fix LG TV to play more files.
-  # there are certain files for which it only supports Direct Play (not even "Direct Stream" -- but "Direct Play").
-  # this isn't a 100% fix: patching the profile allows e.g. Azumanga Daioh to play,
-  # but A Place Further Than the Universe still fails as before.
-  #
-  # profile is based on upstream: <https://github.com/jellyfin/jellyfin-plugin-dlna>
-  sane.fs."/var/lib/jellyfin/plugins/DLNA_5.0.0.0/profiles/LG Smart TV.xml".symlink.target = ./dlna/user/LG_Smart_TV.xml;
-  # XXX(2024-11-17): old method, but the file referenced seems not to be used and setting just it causes failures:
-  # > [DBG] Jellyfin.Plugin.Dlna.ContentDirectory.ContentDirectoryService: Not eligible for DirectPlay due to unsupported subtitles
-  # sane.fs."/var/lib/jellyfin/plugins/configurations/dlna/user/LG Smart TV.xml".symlink.target = ./dlna/user/LG_Smart_TV.xml;
-
-  systemd.services.jellyfin.unitConfig.RequiresMountsFor = [
-    "/var/media"
-  ];
-
-  # Jellyfin multimedia server
-  # this is mostly taken from the official jellfin.org docs
-  services.nginx.virtualHosts."jelly.uninsane.org" = {
-    forceSSL = true;
-    enableACME = true;
-    # inherit kTLS;
-
-    locations."/" = {
-      proxyPass = "http://127.0.0.1:8096";
-      proxyWebsockets = true;
-      recommendedProxySettings = true;
-      # extraConfig = ''
-      #   # Disable buffering when the nginx proxy gets very resource heavy upon streaming
-      #   proxy_buffering off;
-      # '';
-    };
-  };
-
-  sane.dns.zones."uninsane.org".inet.CNAME."jelly" = "native";
-}
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/jellyfin/dlna/user/LG_Smart_TV.xml
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/jellyfin/dlna/user/LG_Smart_TV.xml
@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0"?>
-<Profile xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-  xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
-  <Name>LG Smart TV</Name>
-  <Identification>
-    <ModelName>LG TV</ModelName>
-    <Headers />
-  </Identification>
-  <Manufacturer>Jellyfin</Manufacturer>
-  <ManufacturerUrl>https://github.com/jellyfin/jellyfin</ManufacturerUrl>
-  <ModelName>Jellyfin Server</ModelName>
-  <ModelDescription>UPnP/AV 1.0 Compliant Media Server</ModelDescription>
-  <ModelNumber>01</ModelNumber>
-  <ModelUrl>https://github.com/jellyfin/jellyfin</ModelUrl>
-  <EnableAlbumArtInDidl>false</EnableAlbumArtInDidl>
-  <EnableSingleAlbumArtLimit>false</EnableSingleAlbumArtLimit>
-  <EnableSingleSubtitleLimit>false</EnableSingleSubtitleLimit>
-  <SupportedMediaTypes>Audio,Photo,Video</SupportedMediaTypes>
-  <AlbumArtPn>JPEG_SM</AlbumArtPn>
-  <MaxAlbumArtWidth>480</MaxAlbumArtWidth>
-  <MaxAlbumArtHeight>480</MaxAlbumArtHeight>
-  <MaxIconWidth>48</MaxIconWidth>
-  <MaxIconHeight>48</MaxIconHeight>
-  <MaxStreamingBitrate>140000000</MaxStreamingBitrate>
-  <MaxStaticBitrate>140000000</MaxStaticBitrate>
-  <MusicStreamingTranscodingBitrate>192000</MusicStreamingTranscodingBitrate>
-  <MaxStaticMusicBitrate xsi:nil="true" />
-  <ProtocolInfo>http-get:*:video/mpeg:*,http-get:*:video/mp4:*,http-get:*:video/vnd.dlna.mpeg-tts:*,http-get:*:video/avi:*,http-get:*:video/x-matroska:*,http-get:*:video/x-ms-wmv:*,http-get:*:video/wtv:*,http-get:*:audio/mpeg:*,http-get:*:audio/mp3:*,http-get:*:audio/mp4:*,http-get:*:audio/x-ms-wma:*,http-get:*:audio/wav:*,http-get:*:audio/L16:*,http-get:*:image/jpeg:*,http-get:*:image/png:*,http-get:*:image/gif:*,http-get:*:image/tiff:*</ProtocolInfo>
-  <TimelineOffsetSeconds>10</TimelineOffsetSeconds>
-  <RequiresPlainVideoItems>false</RequiresPlainVideoItems>
-  <RequiresPlainFolders>false</RequiresPlainFolders>
-  <EnableMSMediaReceiverRegistrar>false</EnableMSMediaReceiverRegistrar>
-  <IgnoreTranscodeByteRangeRequests>false</IgnoreTranscodeByteRangeRequests>
-  <XmlRootAttributes />
-  <DirectPlayProfiles>
-    <DirectPlayProfile container="ts,mpegts,avi,mkv,m2ts" audioCodec="aac,ac3,eac3,mp3,dca,dts" videoCodec="h264,hevc" type="Video" />
-    <DirectPlayProfile container="mp4,m4v" audioCodec="aac,ac3,eac3,mp3,dca,dts" videoCodec="h264,mpeg4,hevc" type="Video" />
-    <DirectPlayProfile container="mp3" type="Audio" />
-    <DirectPlayProfile container="jpeg" type="Photo" />
-    <DirectPlayProfile container="" audioCodec="" videoCodec="" type="Video" />
-  </DirectPlayProfiles>
-  <TranscodingProfiles>
-    <TranscodingProfile container="mp3" type="Audio" audioCodec="mp3" estimateContentLength="false" enableMpegtsM2TsMode="false" transcodeSeekInfo="Auto" copyTimestamps="false" context="Streaming" enableSubtitlesInManifest="false" minSegments="0" segmentLength="0" breakOnNonKeyFrames="false" />
-    <TranscodingProfile container="ts" type="Video" videoCodec="h264" audioCodec="ac3,aac,mp3" estimateContentLength="false" enableMpegtsM2TsMode="false" transcodeSeekInfo="Auto" copyTimestamps="false" context="Streaming" enableSubtitlesInManifest="false" minSegments="0" segmentLength="0" breakOnNonKeyFrames="false" />
-    <TranscodingProfile container="jpeg" type="Photo" estimateContentLength="false" enableMpegtsM2TsMode="false" transcodeSeekInfo="Auto" copyTimestamps="false" context="Streaming" enableSubtitlesInManifest="false" minSegments="0" segmentLength="0" breakOnNonKeyFrames="false" />
-  </TranscodingProfiles>
-  <ContainerProfiles>
-    <ContainerProfile type="Photo">
-      <Conditions>
-        <ProfileCondition condition="LessThanEqual" property="Width" value="1920" isRequired="true" />
-        <ProfileCondition condition="LessThanEqual" property="Height" value="1080" isRequired="true" />
-      </Conditions>
-    </ContainerProfile>
-  </ContainerProfiles>
-  <CodecProfiles>
-    <CodecProfile type="Video" codec="mpeg4">
-      <Conditions>
-        <ProfileCondition condition="LessThanEqual" property="Width" value="1920" isRequired="true" />
-        <ProfileCondition condition="LessThanEqual" property="Height" value="1080" isRequired="true" />
-        <ProfileCondition condition="LessThanEqual" property="VideoFramerate" value="30" isRequired="true" />
-      </Conditions>
-      <ApplyConditions />
-    </CodecProfile>
-    <CodecProfile type="Video" codec="h264">
-      <Conditions>
-        <ProfileCondition condition="LessThanEqual" property="Width" value="1920" isRequired="true" />
-        <ProfileCondition condition="LessThanEqual" property="Height" value="1080" isRequired="true" />
-        <ProfileCondition condition="LessThanEqual" property="VideoLevel" value="41" isRequired="true" />
-      </Conditions>
-      <ApplyConditions />
-    </CodecProfile>
-    <CodecProfile type="VideoAudio" codec="ac3,eac3,aac,mp3">
-      <Conditions>
-        <ProfileCondition condition="LessThanEqual" property="AudioChannels" value="6" isRequired="true" />
-      </Conditions>
-      <ApplyConditions />
-    </CodecProfile>
-  </CodecProfiles>
-  <ResponseProfiles>
-    <ResponseProfile container="m4v" type="Video" mimeType="video/mp4">
-      <Conditions />
-    </ResponseProfile>
-    <ResponseProfile container="ts,mpegts" type="Video" mimeType="video/mpeg">
-      <Conditions />
-    </ResponseProfile>
-  </ResponseProfiles>
-  <SubtitleProfiles>
-    <SubtitleProfile format="srt" method="Embed" />
-    <SubtitleProfile format="srt" method="External" />
-  </SubtitleProfiles>
-</Profile>
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/kiwix-serve.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/kiwix-serve.nix
@@ -1,11 +1,19 @@
-{ pkgs, ... }:
+# how to update wikipedia snapshot:
+# - browse for later snapshots:
+#   - <https://mirror.accum.se/mirror/wikimedia.org/other/kiwix/zim/wikipedia>
+# - DL directly, or via rsync (resumable):
+#   - `rsync --progress --append-verify rsync://mirror.accum.se/mirror/wikimedia.org/other/kiwix/zim/wikipedia/wikipedia_en_all_maxi_2022-05.zim .`
+
+{ ... }:
 {
+  sane.persist.sys.byStore.ext = [
+    { user = "colin"; group = "users"; path = "/var/lib/kiwix"; method = "bind"; }
+  ];
+
  sane.services.kiwix-serve = {
    enable = true;
    port = 8013;
-    zimPaths = [
-      "${pkgs.zimPackages.wikipedia_en_all_maxi}/share/zim/wikipedia_en_all_maxi.zim"
-    ];
+    zimPaths = [ "/var/lib/kiwix/wikipedia_en_all_maxi_2023-11.zim" ];
  };

  services.nginx.virtualHosts."w.uninsane.org" = {
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/komga.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/komga.nix
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-{ config, lib, ... }:
+{ config, ... }:
 let
  svc-cfg = config.services.komga;
  inherit (svc-cfg) user group port stateDir;
 in
-lib.mkIf false  #< 2024/09/30: disabled because i haven't used this for several months
 {
  sane.persist.sys.byStore.plaintext = [
    { inherit user group; mode = "0700"; path = stateDir; method = "bind"; }
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/lemmy.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/lemmy.nix
@@ -3,26 +3,28 @@
 # - <repo:LemmyNet/lemmy:docker/nginx.conf>
 # - <repo:LemmyNet/lemmy-ansible:templates/nginx.conf>

-{ lib, pkgs, ... }:
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
 let
+  inherit (builtins) toString;
+  inherit (lib) mkForce;
  uiPort = 1234;  # default ui port is 1234
  backendPort = 8536; # default backend port is 8536
  #^ i guess the "backend" port is used for federation?
  pict-rs = pkgs.pict-rs;
-  # pict-rs configuration is applied in this order:
-  # - via toml
-  # - via env vars (overrides everything above)
-  # - via CLI flags (overrides everything above)
-  # some of the CLI flags have defaults, making it the only actual way to configure certain things even when docs claim otherwise.
-  # CLI args: <https://git.asonix.dog/asonix/pict-rs#user-content-running>
-  # TOML args: <https://git.asonix.dog/asonix/pict-rs/src/branch/main/pict-rs.toml>
-  toml = pkgs.formats.toml { };
-  tomlConfig = toml.generate "pict-rs.toml" pictrsConfig;
-  pictrsConfig = {
-    media.process_timeout = 120;
-    media.video.allow_audio = true;
-    media.video.max_frame_count = 30 * 60 * 60;
-  };
+  # pict-rs = pkgs.pict-rs.overrideAttrs (upstream: {
+  #   # as of v0.4.2, all non-GIF video is forcibly transcoded.
+  #   # that breaks lemmy, because of the request latency.
+  #   # and it eats up hella CPU.
+  #   # pict-rs is iffy around video altogether: mp4 seems the best supported.
+  #   # XXX: this patch no longer applies after 0.5.10 -> 0.5.11 update.
+  #   #      git log is hard to parse, but *suggests* that video is natively supported
+  #   #      better than in the 0.4.2 days, e.g. 5fd59fc5b42d31559120dc28bfef4e5002fb509e
+  #   #      "Change commandline flag to allow disabling video, since it is enabled by default"
+  #   postPatch = (upstream.postPatch or "") + ''
+  #     substituteInPlace src/validate.rs \
+  #       --replace-fail 'if transcode_options.needs_reencode() {' 'if false {'
+  #   '';
+  # });
 in {
  services.lemmy = {
    enable = true;
@@ -50,8 +52,8 @@ in {
    # - postgresql://[user[:password]@][netloc][:port][/dbname][?param1=value1&...]
    # LEMMY_DATABASE_URL = "postgres://lemmy@/run/postgresql";  # connection to server on socket "/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432" failed: FATAL:  database "run/postgresql" does not exist
    # LEMMY_DATABASE_URL = "postgres://lemmy?host=/run/postgresql";  # no PostgreSQL user name specified in startup packet
-    # LEMMY_DATABASE_URL = lib.mkForce "postgres://lemmy@?host=/run/postgresql";  # WORKS
-    LEMMY_DATABASE_URL = lib.mkForce "postgres://lemmy@/lemmy?host=/run/postgresql";
+    # LEMMY_DATABASE_URL = mkForce "postgres://lemmy@?host=/run/postgresql";  # WORKS
+    LEMMY_DATABASE_URL = mkForce "postgres://lemmy@/lemmy?host=/run/postgresql";
  };
  users.groups.lemmy = {};
  users.users.lemmy = {
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ in {
    # fix to use a normal user so we can configure perms correctly
    # XXX(2024-07-28): this hasn't been rigorously tested:
    # possible that i've set something too strict and won't notice right away
-    serviceConfig.DynamicUser = lib.mkForce false;
+    serviceConfig.DynamicUser = mkForce false;
    serviceConfig.User = "lemmy";
    serviceConfig.Group = "lemmy";

@@ -136,12 +138,18 @@ in {
  #v DO NOT REMOVE: defaults to 0.3, instead of latest, so always need to explicitly set this.
  services.pict-rs.package = pict-rs;

+  # pict-rs configuration is applied in this order:
+  # - via toml
+  # - via env vars (overrides everything above)
+  # - via CLI flags (overrides everything above)
+  # some of the CLI flags have defaults, making it the only actual way to configure certain things even when docs claim otherwise.
+  # CLI args: <https://git.asonix.dog/asonix/pict-rs#user-content-running>
  systemd.services.pict-rs = {
    serviceConfig.ExecStart = lib.mkForce (lib.concatStringsSep " " [
-      (lib.getExe pict-rs)
-      "--config-file"
-      tomlConfig
-      "run"
+      "${lib.getBin pict-rs}/bin/pict-rs run"
+      "--media-video-max-frame-count" (builtins.toString (30*60*60))
+      "--media-process-timeout 120"
+      "--media-video-allow-audio"  # allow audio
    ]);

    # hardening (systemd-analyze security pict-rs)
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/matrix/default.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/matrix/default.nix
@@ -12,9 +12,7 @@
 # - delete a notification destination by setting `kind` to `null` (otherwise, request is identical to above)
 #
 { config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
-let
-  ntfy = config.services.ntfy-sh.enable;
-in
+
 {
  imports = [
    ./discord-puppet.nix
@@ -70,21 +68,21 @@ in
    config.sops.secrets."matrix_synapse_secrets.yaml".path
  ];

-  systemd.services.matrix-synapse.postStart = lib.optionalString ntfy ''
-    ACCESS_TOKEN=$(${lib.getExe' pkgs.coreutils "cat"} ${config.sops.secrets.matrix_access_token.path})
-    TOPIC=$(${lib.getExe' pkgs.coreutils "cat"} ${config.sops.secrets.ntfy-sh-topic.path})
+  systemd.services.matrix-synapse.postStart = ''
+    ACCESS_TOKEN=$(${pkgs.coreutils}/bin/cat ${config.sops.secrets.matrix_access_token.path})
+    TOPIC=$(${pkgs.coreutils}/bin/cat ${config.sops.secrets.ntfy-sh-topic.path})

    echo "ensuring ntfy push gateway"
-    ${lib.getExe pkgs.curl} \
+    ${pkgs.curl}/bin/curl \
      --header "Authorization: Bearer $ACCESS_TOKEN" \
      --data "{ \"app_display_name\": \"ntfy-adapter\", \"app_id\": \"ntfy.uninsane.org\", \"data\": { \"url\": \"https://ntfy.uninsane.org/_matrix/push/v1/notify\", \"format\": \"event_id_only\" }, \"device_display_name\": \"ntfy-adapter\", \"kind\": \"http\", \"lang\": \"en-US\", \"profile_tag\": \"\", \"pushkey\": \"$TOPIC\" }" \
      localhost:8008/_matrix/client/v3/pushers/set

    echo "registered push gateways:"
-    ${lib.getExe pkgs.curl} \
+    ${pkgs.curl}/bin/curl \
      --header "Authorization: Bearer $ACCESS_TOKEN" \
      localhost:8008/_matrix/client/v3/pushers \
-      | ${lib.getExe pkgs.jq} .
+      | ${pkgs.jq}/bin/jq .
  '';


@@ -161,5 +159,5 @@ in
    owner = config.users.users.matrix-synapse.name;
  };
  # provide access to ntfy-sh-topic secret
-  users.users.matrix-synapse.extraGroups = lib.optionals ntfy [ "ntfy-sh" ];
+  users.users.matrix-synapse.extraGroups = [ "ntfy-sh" ];
 }
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/matrix/irc.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/matrix/irc.nix
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # config docs:
 # - <https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-appservice-irc/blob/develop/config.sample.yaml>
-{ lib, ... }:
+{ config, lib, ... }:

 let
  ircServer = { name, additionalAddresses ? [], ssl ? true, sasl ? true, port ? if ssl then 6697 else 6667 }: let
@@ -128,7 +128,6 @@ in

    ircService = {
      logging.level = "warn";  # "error", "warn", "info", "debug"
-      mediaProxy.publicUrl = "https://irc.matrix.uninsane.org/media";
      servers = {
        "irc.esper.net" = ircServer {
          name = "esper";
@@ -156,14 +155,6 @@ in
          # - #sxmo-offtopic
        };
        "irc.rizon.net" = ircServer { name = "Rizon"; };
-        # "irc.sdf.org" = ircServer {
-        #   # XXX(2024-11-06): seems it can't connect. "matrix-appservice-irc: WARN:Provisioner Provisioner only handles text 'yes'/'y' (from BASHy2-EU on irc.sdf.org)"
-        #   # use instead? <https://lemmy.sdf.org/c/sdfpubnix>
-        #   name = "sdf";
-        #   # sasl = false;
-        #   # notable channels (see: <https://sdf.org/?tutorials/irc-channels>)
-        #   # - #sdf
-        # };
        "wigle.net" = ircServer {
          name = "WiGLE";
          ssl = false;
@@ -177,16 +168,4 @@ in
    # the service actively uses at least one of these, and both of them are fairly innocuous
    SystemCallFilter = lib.mkForce "~@clock @cpu-emulation @debug @keyring @module @mount @obsolete @raw-io @setuid @swap";
  };
-
-  services.nginx.virtualHosts."irc.matrix.uninsane.org" = {
-    forceSSL = true;
-    enableACME = true;
-    locations."/media" = {
-      proxyPass = "http://127.0.0.1:11111";
-    };
-  };
-
-  sane.dns.zones."uninsane.org".inet = {
-    CNAME."irc.matrix" = "native";
-  };
 }
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/minidlna.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/minidlna.nix
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-# - `man 5 minidlna.conf`
-# - `man 8 minidlnad`
-#
-# this is an extremely simple (but limited) DLNA server:
-# - no web UI
-# - no runtime configuration -- just statically configure media directories instead
-# - no transcoding
-# compatibility:
-# - LG TV: music: all working
-# - LG TV: videos: mixed. i can't see the pattern; HEVC works; H.264 sometimes works.
-{ lib, ... }:
-lib.mkIf false  #< XXX(2024-11-17): WORKS, but i'm trying gerbera instead for hopefully better transcoding
-{
-  sane.ports.ports."1900" = {
-    protocol = [ "udp" ];
-    visibleTo.lan = true;
-    description = "colin-upnp-for-minidlna";
-  };
-  sane.ports.ports."8200" = {
-    protocol = [ "tcp" ];
-    visibleTo.lan = true;
-    description = "colin-minidlna-http";
-  };
-
-  services.minidlna.enable = true;
-
-  services.minidlna.settings = {
-    media_dir = [
-      # A/V/P to restrict a directory to audio/video/pictures
-      "A,/var/media/Music"
-      "V,/var/media/Videos/Film"
-      # "V,/var/media/Videos/Milkbags"
-      "V,/var/media/Videos/Shows"
-    ];
-    notify_interval = 60;
-  };
-
-  users.users.minidlna.extraGroups = [ "media" ];
-}
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/mumble.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/mumble.nix
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-# murmur is the server component of mumble.
-# - docs: <https://www.mumble.info/documentation/>
-# - config docs: <https://www.mumble.info/documentation/administration/config-file/>
-#
-# default port is 64738 (UDP and TCP)
-#
-# FIRST-RUN:
-# - login from mumble client as `SuperUser`, password taken from `journalctl -u murmur`.
-# - login from another machine and right click on self -> 'Register'
-# - as SuperUser, right click on server root -> edit
-#   - Groups tab: select "admin", then add the other registered user to the group.
-# - log out as SuperUser and manage the server using that other user now.
-#
-# USAGE:
-# - 'auth' group = any user who has registered a cert with the server.
-{ ... }:
-{
-  sane.persist.sys.byStore.private = [
-    { user = "murmur"; group = "murmur"; mode = "0700"; path = "/var/lib/murmur"; method = "bind"; }
-  ];
-
-  services.murmur.enable = true;
-  services.murmur.welcometext = "welcome to Colin's mumble voice chat server";
-  # max bandwidth (bps) **per user**. i believe this affects both voice and uploads?
-  # mumble defaults to 558000, but nixos service defaults to 72000.
-  services.murmur.bandwidth = 558000;
-  services.murmur.imgMsgLength = 8 * 1024 * 1024;
-
-  services.murmur.sslCert = "/var/lib/acme/mumble.uninsane.org/fullchain.pem";
-  services.murmur.sslKey = "/var/lib/acme/mumble.uninsane.org/key.pem";
-  services.murmur.sslCa = "/etc/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt";
-
-  # allow clients on the LAN to discover this server
-  services.murmur.bonjour = true;
-
-  # mumble has a public server listing.
-  # my server doesn't associate with that registry (unless i specify registerPassword).
-  # however these settings appear to affect how the server presents itself to clients, regardless of registration.
-  services.murmur.registerName = "mumble.uninsane.org";
-  services.murmur.registerUrl = "https://mumble.uninsane.org";
-  services.murmur.registerHostname = "mumble.uninsane.org";
-
-  # defaultchannel=ID makes it so that unauthenticated users are placed in some specific channel when they join
-  services.murmur.extraConfig = ''
-    defaultchannel=2
-  '';
-
-  users.users.murmur.extraGroups = [
-    "nginx"  # provide access to certs
-  ];
-  services.nginx.virtualHosts."mumble.uninsane.org" = {
-    # allow ACME to procure a cert via nginx for this domain
-    enableACME = true;
-  };
-
-  sane.dns.zones."uninsane.org".inet = {
-    CNAME."mumble" = "native";
-  };
-
-  sane.ports.ports."64738" = {
-    protocol = [ "tcp" "udp" ];
-    visibleTo.lan = true;
-    visibleTo.doof = true;
-    description = "colin-mumble";
-  };
-}
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/nginx.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/nginx.nix
@@ -83,28 +83,6 @@ in
    # unversioned files
    locations."@fallback" = {
      root = "/var/www/sites/uninsane.org";
-      extraConfig = ''
-        # instruct Google to not index these pages.
-        # see: <https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/robots-meta-tag#xrobotstag>
-        add_header X-Robots-Tag 'none, noindex, nofollow';
-
-        # best-effort attempt to block archive.org from archiving these pages.
-        # reply with 403: Forbidden
-        # User Agent is *probably* "archive.org_bot"; maybe used to be "ia_archiver"
-        # source: <https://archive.org/details/archive.org_bot>
-        # additional UAs: <https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/nginx-ultimate-bad-bot-blocker>
-        #
-        # validate with: `curl -H 'User-Agent: "bot;archive.org_bot;like: something else"' -v https://uninsane.org/dne`
-        if ($http_user_agent ~* "(?:\b)archive.org_bot(?:\b)") {
-          return 403;
-        }
-        if ($http_user_agent ~* "(?:\b)archive.org(?:\b)") {
-          return 403;
-        }
-        if ($http_user_agent ~* "(?:\b)ia_archiver(?:\b)") {
-          return 403;
-        }
-      '';
    };

    # uninsane.org/share/foo => /var/www/sites/uninsane.org/share/foo.
@@ -257,7 +235,7 @@ in
  # to accept it.
  system.activationScripts.generate-x509-self-signed.text = ''
    mkdir -p /var/www/certs/wildcard
-    test -f /var/www/certs/wildcard/key.pem || ${lib.getExe pkgs.openssl} \
+    test -f /var/www/certs/wildcard/key.pem || ${pkgs.openssl}/bin/openssl \
      req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 \
      -keyout /var/www/certs/wildcard/key.pem \
      -out /var/www/certs/wildcard/cert.pem \
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/ntfy/default.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/ntfy/default.nix
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 # ntfy: UnifiedPush notification delivery system
 # - used to get push notifications out of Matrix and onto a Phone (iOS, Android, or a custom client)
-{ config, lib, ... }:
+{ config, ... }:
 {
  imports = [
    ./ntfy-waiter.nix
    ./ntfy-sh.nix
  ];
-  sops.secrets."ntfy-sh-topic" = lib.mkIf config.services.ntfy-sh.enable {
+  sops.secrets."ntfy-sh-topic" = {
    mode = "0440";
    owner = config.users.users.ntfy-sh.name;
    group = config.users.users.ntfy-sh.name;
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/ntfy/ntfy-sh.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/ntfy/ntfy-sh.nix
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ let
  # at the IP layer, to enable e.g. wake-on-lan.
  altPort = 2587;
 in
-lib.mkIf false  #< 2024/09/30: disabled because i haven't used it in several months
 {
  sane.persist.sys.byStore.private = [
    # not 100% necessary to persist this, but ntfy does keep a 12hr (by default) cache
@@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ lib.mkIf false  #< 2024/09/30: disabled because i haven't used it in several mon
    # note that this will fail upon first run, i.e. before ntfy has created its db.
    # just restart the service.
    topic=$(cat ${config.sops.secrets.ntfy-sh-topic.path})
-    ${lib.getExe' pkgs.ntfy-sh "ntfy"} access everyone "$topic" read-write
+    ${pkgs.ntfy-sh}/bin/ntfy access everyone "$topic" read-write
  '';


--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/ntfy/ntfy-waiter.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/ntfy/ntfy-waiter.nix
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ let
    silence = port - portLow;
    flags = lib.optional cfg.verbose "--verbose";
    cli = [
-      (lib.getExe cfg.package)
+      "${cfg.package}/bin/ntfy-waiter"
      "--port"
      "${builtins.toString port}"
      "--silence"
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ let
        ExecStart = lib.concatStringsSep " " cli;
      };
      after = [ "network.target" ];
-      wantedBy = [ "ntfy-sh.service" ];
+      wantedBy = [ "default.target" ];
    };
  };
 in
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ in
  options = with lib; {
    sane.ntfy-waiter.enable = mkOption {
      type = types.bool;
-      default = config.services.ntfy-sh.enable;
+      default = true;
    };
    sane.ntfy-waiter.verbose = mkOption {
      type = types.bool;
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/ollama.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/ollama.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# ollama: <https://github.com/ollama/ollama>
+# use: `ollama run llama3.1`
+# or: `ollama run llama3.1:70b`
+# or use a remote session: <https://github.com/ggozad/oterm>
+{ lib, ... }:
+lib.mkIf false  #< WIP
+{
+  sane.persist.sys.byStore.plaintext = [
+    { user = "ollama"; group = "ollama"; path = "/var/lib/ollama"; method = "bind"; }
+  ];
+  services.ollama.enable = true;
+  services.ollama.user = "ollama";
+  services.ollama.group = "ollama";
+
+  users.groups.ollama = {};
+
+  users.users.ollama = {
+    group = "ollama";
+    isSystemUser = true;
+  };
+
+  systemd.services.ollama.serviceConfig.DynamicUser = lib.mkForce false;
+}
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/pleroma.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/pleroma.nix
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 { config, lib, pkgs, ... }:

 let
-  logLevel = "warning";
+  logLevel = "warn";
  # logLevel = "debug";
 in
 {
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ in
    config :pleroma, Pleroma.Emails.Mailer,
      enabled: true,
      adapter: Swoosh.Adapters.Sendmail,
-      cmd_path: "${lib.getExe' pkgs.postfix "sendmail"}"
+      cmd_path: "${pkgs.postfix}/bin/sendmail"

    config :pleroma, Pleroma.User,
      restricted_nicknames: [ "admin", "uninsane", "root" ]
@@ -88,12 +88,6 @@ in
    # strip metadata from uploaded images
    config :pleroma, Pleroma.Upload, filters: [Pleroma.Upload.Filter.Exiftool.StripLocation]

-    # fix log spam: <https://git.pleroma.social/pleroma/pleroma/-/issues/1659>
-    # specifically, remove LAN addresses from `reserved`
-    config :pleroma, Pleroma.Web.Plugs.RemoteIp,
-      enabled: true,
-      reserved: ["127.0.0.0/8", "::1/128", "fc00::/7", "172.16.0.0/12"]
-
    # TODO: GET /api/pleroma/captcha is broken
    # there was a nixpkgs PR to fix this around 2022/10 though.
    config :pleroma, Pleroma.Captcha,
@@ -142,10 +136,9 @@ in
    # something inside pleroma invokes `sh` w/o specifying it by path, so this is needed to allow pleroma to start
    pkgs.bash
    # used by Pleroma to strip geo tags from uploads
-    pkgs.exiftool
-    # config.sane.programs.exiftool.package  #< XXX(2024-10-20): breaks image uploading
+    config.sane.programs.exiftool.package
    # i saw some errors when pleroma was shutting down about it not being able to find `awk`. probably not critical
-    # config.sane.programs.gawk.package
+    config.sane.programs.gawk.package
    # needed for email operations like password reset
    pkgs.postfix
  ];
@@ -160,7 +153,7 @@ in
    # possible that i've set something too strict and won't notice right away
    # make sure to test:
    # - image/media uploading
-    serviceConfig.CapabilityBoundingSet = lib.mkForce [ "" "" ];  # nixos default is `~CAP_SYS_ADMIN`
+    serviceConfig.CapabilityBoundingSet = "~CAP_SYS_ADMIN";  #< TODO: reduce this. try: CAP_SYS_NICE CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH CAP_SYS_CHROOT CAP_SETGID CAP_SETUID
    serviceConfig.LockPersonality = true;
    serviceConfig.NoNewPrivileges = true;
    serviceConfig.MemoryDenyWriteExecute = true;
@@ -206,7 +199,34 @@ in
      recommendedProxySettings = true;
      # documented: https://git.pleroma.social/pleroma/pleroma/-/blob/develop/installation/pleroma.nginx
      extraConfig = ''
-        # client_max_body_size defines the maximum upload size
+        # XXX colin: this block is in the nixos examples: i don't understand all of it
+        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*' always;
+        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' 'POST, PUT, DELETE, GET, PATCH, OPTIONS' always;
+        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers' 'Authorization, Content-Type, Idempotency-Key' always;
+        add_header 'Access-Control-Expose-Headers' 'Link, X-RateLimit-Reset, X-RateLimit-Limit, X-RateLimit-Remaining, X-Request-Id' always;
+        if ($request_method = OPTIONS) {
+            return 204;
+        }
+
+        add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
+        add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
+        add_header X-Frame-Options DENY;
+        add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
+        add_header Referrer-Policy same-origin;
+        add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
+
+        # proxy_http_version 1.1;
+        # proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
+        # proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
+        # # proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
+        # proxy_set_header Host $host;
+        # proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
+
+        # colin: added this due to Pleroma complaining in its logs
+        # proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
+        # proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
+
+        # NB: this defines the maximum upload size
        client_max_body_size 16m;
      '';
    };
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/postgres.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/postgres.nix
@@ -29,11 +29,9 @@ in
  # - as `sudo su postgres`:
  #   - `cd /var/lib/postgreql`
  #   - `psql -f state.sql`
-  #     (for a compressed dump: `gunzip --stdout state.sql.gz | psql`)
  # - restart dependent services (maybe test one at a time)

-  services.postgresql.package = pkgs.postgresql_16;
-
+  services.postgresql.package = pkgs.postgresql_15;


  # XXX colin: for a proper deploy, we'd want to include something for Pleroma here too.
@@ -50,23 +48,22 @@ in
  # - for recommended values see: <https://pgtune.leopard.in.ua/>
  # - for official docs (sparse), see: <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/config-setting.html#CONFIG-SETTING-CONFIGURATION-FILE>
  services.postgresql.settings = {
-    # DB Version: 16
+    # DB Version: 15
    # OS Type: linux
    # DB Type: web
-    # vvv artificially constrained because the server's resources are shared across maaany services
-    # Total Memory (RAM): 12 GB
+    # Total Memory (RAM): 32 GB
    # CPUs num: 12
    # Data Storage: ssd
    max_connections = 200;
-    shared_buffers = "3GB";
-    effective_cache_size = "9GB";
-    maintenance_work_mem = "768MB";
+    shared_buffers = "8GB";
+    effective_cache_size = "24GB";
+    maintenance_work_mem = "2GB";
    checkpoint_completion_target = 0.9;
    wal_buffers = "16MB";
    default_statistics_target = 100;
    random_page_cost = 1.1;
    effective_io_concurrency = 200;
-    work_mem = "3932kB";
+    work_mem = "10485kB";
    min_wal_size = "1GB";
    max_wal_size = "4GB";
    max_worker_processes = 12;
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/prosody/default.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/prosody/default.nix
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 # - disable or fix bosh (jabber over http):
 #   - "certmanager: No certificate/key found for client_https port 0"

-{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
+{ lib, pkgs, ... }:

 let
  # enables very verbose logging
@@ -104,7 +104,6 @@ in
  users.users.prosody.extraGroups = [
    "nginx"  # provide access to certs
    "ntfy-sh"  # access to secret ntfy topic
-    "turnserver"  # to access the coturn shared secret
  ];

  security.acme.certs."uninsane.org".extraDomainNames = [
@@ -150,8 +149,14 @@ in
  # pointing it to /var/lib/acme doesn't quite work because it expects the private key
  # to be named `privkey.pem` instead of acme's `key.pem`
  # <https://prosody.im/doc/certificates#automatic_location>
-  environment.etc."prosody/certs/uninsane.org/fullchain.pem".source = "/var/lib/acme/uninsane.org/fullchain.pem";
-  environment.etc."prosody/certs/uninsane.org/privkey.pem".source = "/var/lib/acme/uninsane.org/key.pem";
+  sane.fs."/etc/prosody/certs/uninsane.org/fullchain.pem" = {
+    symlink.target = "/var/lib/acme/uninsane.org/fullchain.pem";
+    wantedBeforeBy = [ "prosody.service" ];
+  };
+  sane.fs."/etc/prosody/certs/uninsane.org/privkey.pem" = {
+    symlink.target = "/var/lib/acme/uninsane.org/key.pem";
+    wantedBeforeBy = [ "prosody.service" ];
+  };

  services.prosody = {
    enable = true;
@@ -237,7 +242,6 @@ in
      # legacy coturn integration
      # see: <https://modules.prosody.im/mod_turncredentials.html>
      # "turncredentials"
-    ] ++ lib.optionals config.services.ntfy-sh.enable [
      "sane_ntfy"
    ] ++ lib.optionals enableDebug [
      "stanza_debug"  #< logs EVERY stanza as debug: <https://prosody.im/doc/modules/mod_stanza_debug>
@@ -269,34 +273,18 @@ in
      s2s_direct_tls_ports = { 5270 }

      turn_external_host = "turn.uninsane.org"
-      turn_external_secret = readAll("/run/secrets/coturn_shared_secret")
+      turn_external_secret = readAll("/var/lib/coturn/shared_secret.bin")
      -- turn_external_user = "prosody"

      -- legacy mod_turncredentials integration
      -- turncredentials_host = "turn.uninsane.org"
-      -- turncredentials_secret = readAll("/run/secrets/coturn_shared_secret")
+      -- turncredentials_secret = readAll("/var/lib/coturn/shared_secret.bin")
+
+      ntfy_binary = "${pkgs.ntfy-sh}/bin/ntfy"
+      ntfy_topic = readAll("/run/secrets/ntfy-sh-topic")

      -- s2s_require_encryption = true
      -- c2s_require_encryption = true
-    '' + lib.optionalString config.services.ntfy-sh.enable ''
-      ntfy_binary = "${lib.getExe' pkgs.ntfy-sh "ntfy"}"
-      ntfy_topic = readAll("/run/secrets/ntfy-sh-topic")
    '';
  };
-
-  systemd.services.prosody = {
-    # hardening (systemd-analyze security prosody)
-    serviceConfig.LockPersonality = true;
-    serviceConfig.NoNewPrivileges = true;
-    serviceConfig.PrivateUsers = true;
-    serviceConfig.ProcSubset = "pid";
-    serviceConfig.ProtectClock = true;
-    serviceConfig.ProtectKernelLogs = true;
-    serviceConfig.ProtectProc = "invisible";
-    serviceConfig.ProtectSystem = "strict";
-    serviceConfig.RemoveIPC = true;
-    serviceConfig.RestrictAddressFamilies = "AF_UNIX AF_INET AF_INET6";
-    serviceConfig.SystemCallArchitectures = "native";
-    serviceConfig.SystemCallFilter = [ "@system-service" "~@privileged" "~@resources" ];
-  };
 }
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/slskd.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/slskd.nix
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
    forceSSL = true;
    enableACME = true;
    locations."/" = {
-      proxyPass = "http://${config.sane.netns.ovpns.veth.netns.ipv4}:5030";
+      proxyPass = "http://${config.sane.netns.ovpns.netnsVethIpv4}:5030";
      proxyWebsockets = true;
    };
  };
@@ -73,10 +73,7 @@
  systemd.services.slskd = {
    # run this behind the OVPN static VPN
    serviceConfig.NetworkNamespacePath = "/run/netns/ovpns";
-    serviceConfig.ExecStartPre = [
-      # abort if public IP is not as expected
-      "${lib.getExe pkgs.sane-scripts.ip-check} --no-upnp --expect ${config.sane.netns.ovpns.wg.address.ipv4}"
-    ];
+    serviceConfig.ExecStartPre = [ "${lib.getExe pkgs.sane-scripts.ip-check} --no-upnp --expect ${config.sane.netns.ovpns.netnsPubIpv4}" ];  # abort if public IP is not as expected

    serviceConfig.Restart = lib.mkForce "always";  # exits "success" when it fails to connect to soulseek server
    serviceConfig.RestartSec = "60s";
--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/transmission/default.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/transmission/default.nix
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ in
    # DOCUMENTATION/options list: <https://github.com/transmission/transmission/blob/main/docs/Editing-Configuration-Files.md#options>

    # message-level = 3;  #< enable for debug logging. 0-3, default is 2.
-    # ovpns.veth.netns.ipv4 => allow rpc only from the root servo ns. it'll tunnel things to the net, if need be.
-    rpc-bind-address = config.sane.netns.ovpns.veth.netns.ipv4;
+    # ovpns.netnsVethIpv4 => allow rpc only from the root servo ns. it'll tunnel things to the net, if need be.
+    rpc-bind-address = config.sane.netns.ovpns.netnsVethIpv4;
    #rpc-host-whitelist = "bt.uninsane.org";
    #rpc-whitelist = "*.*.*.*";
    rpc-authentication-required = true;
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ in
    rpc-whitelist-enabled = false;

    # force behind ovpns in case the NetworkNamespace fails somehow
-    bind-address-ipv4 = config.sane.netns.ovpns.wg.address.ipv4;
+    bind-address-ipv4 = config.sane.netns.ovpns.netnsPubIpv4;
    port-forwarding-enabled = false;

    # hopefully, make the downloads world-readable
@@ -104,17 +104,16 @@ in
    # - TR_TORRENT_NAME - Name of torrent (not filename)
    # - TR_TORRENT_TRACKERS - A comma-delimited list of the torrent's trackers' announce URLs
    script-torrent-done-enabled = true;
-    script-torrent-done-filename = lib.getExe torrent-done;
+    script-torrent-done-filename = "${torrent-done}/bin/torrent-done";
  };

-  # run this behind the OVPN static VPN
-  sane.netns.ovpns.services = [ "transmission" ];
  systemd.services.transmission = {
+    after = [ "wireguard-wg-ovpns.service" ];
+    partOf = [ "wireguard-wg-ovpns.service" ];
    environment.TR_DEBUG = "1";
-    serviceConfig.ExecStartPre = [
-      # abort if public IP is not as expected
-      "${lib.getExe pkgs.sane-scripts.ip-check} --no-upnp --expect ${config.sane.netns.ovpns.wg.address.ipv4}"
-    ];
+    # run this behind the OVPN static VPN
+    serviceConfig.NetworkNamespacePath = "/run/netns/ovpns";
+    serviceConfig.ExecStartPre = [ "${lib.getExe pkgs.sane-scripts.ip-check} --no-upnp --expect ${config.sane.netns.ovpns.netnsPubIpv4}" ];  # abort if public IP is not as expected

    serviceConfig.Restart = "on-failure";
    serviceConfig.RestartSec = "30s";
@@ -139,7 +138,7 @@ in
  systemd.services.backup-torrents = {
    description = "archive torrents to storage not owned by transmission";
    script = ''
-      ${lib.getExe pkgs.rsync} -arv /var/lib/transmission/.config/transmission-daemon/torrents/ /var/backup/torrents/
+      ${pkgs.rsync}/bin/rsync -arv /var/lib/transmission/.config/transmission-daemon/torrents/ /var/backup/torrents/
    '';
  };
  systemd.timers.backup-torrents = {
@@ -158,7 +157,7 @@ in
    # inherit kTLS;
    locations."/" = {
      # proxyPass = "http://ovpns.uninsane.org:9091";
-      proxyPass = "http://${config.sane.netns.ovpns.veth.netns.ipv4}:9091";
+      proxyPass = "http://${config.sane.netns.ovpns.netnsVethIpv4}:9091";
    };
  };

--- a/hosts/by-name/servo/services/hickory-dns.nix
+++ b/hosts/by-name/servo/services/hickory-dns.nix
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ in
    ];
  };

-  services.hickory-dns.settings.zones = [ "uninsane.org" ];
+  services.trust-dns.settings.zones = [ "uninsane.org" ];


  networking.nat.enable = true;  #< TODO: try removing this?
@@ -83,12 +83,12 @@ in
  # };


-  sane.services.hickory-dns.enable = true;
-  sane.services.hickory-dns.instances = let
+  sane.services.trust-dns.enable = true;
+  sane.services.trust-dns.instances = let
    mkSubstitutions = flavor: {
-      "%ADOOF%" = config.sane.netns.doof.wg.address.ipv4;
+      "%ADOOF%" = config.sane.netns.doof.netnsPubIpv4;
      "%ANATIVE%" = nativeAddrs."servo.${flavor}";
-      "%AOVPNS%" = config.sane.netns.ovpns.wg.address.ipv4;
+      "%AOVPNS%" = config.sane.netns.ovpns.netnsPubIpv4;
      "%AWAN%" = "$(cat '${dyn-dns.ipPath}')";
      "%CNAMENATIVE%" = "servo.${flavor}";
    };
@@ -97,37 +97,37 @@ in
    doof = {
      substitutions = mkSubstitutions "doof";
      listenAddrsIpv4 = [
-        config.sane.netns.doof.veth.initns.ipv4
-        config.sane.netns.doof.wg.address.ipv4
+        config.sane.netns.doof.hostVethIpv4
+        config.sane.netns.doof.netnsPubIpv4
        nativeAddrs."servo.lan"
-        # config.sane.netns.ovpns.veth.initns.ipv4
+        # config.sane.netns.ovpns.hostVethIpv4
      ];
    };
-    # hn = {
-    #   substitutions = mkSubstitutions "hn";
-    #   listenAddrsIpv4 = [ nativeAddrs."servo.hn" ];
-    #   enableRecursiveResolver = true;  #< allow wireguard clients to use this as their DNS resolver
-    #   # extraConfig = {
-    #   #   zones = [
-    #   #     {
-    #   #       # forward the root zone to the local DNS resolver
-    #   #       # to allow wireguard clients to use this as their DNS resolver
-    #   #       zone = ".";
-    #   #       zone_type = "Forward";
-    #   #       stores = {
-    #   #         type = "forward";
-    #   #         name_servers = [
-    #   #           {
-    #   #             socket_addr = "127.0.0.53:53";
-    #   #             protocol = "udp";
-    #   #             trust_nx_responses = true;
-    #   #           }
-    #   #         ];
-    #   #       };
-    #   #     }
-    #   #   ];
-    #   # };
-    # };
+    hn = {
+      substitutions = mkSubstitutions "hn";
+      listenAddrsIpv4 = [ nativeAddrs."servo.hn" ];
+      enableRecursiveResolver = true;  #< allow wireguard clients to use this as their DNS resolver
+      # extraConfig = {
+      #   zones = [
+      #     {
+      #       # forward the root zone to the local DNS resolver
+      #       # to allow wireguard clients to use this as their DNS resolver
+      #       zone = ".";
+      #       zone_type = "Forward";
+      #       stores = {
+      #         type = "forward";
+      #         name_servers = [
+      #           {
+      #             socket_addr = "127.0.0.53:53";
+      #             protocol = "udp";
+      #             trust_nx_responses = true;
+      #           }
+      #         ];
+      #       };
+      #     }
+      #   ];
+      # };
+    };
    # lan = {
    #   substitutions = mkSubstitutions "lan";
    #   listenAddrsIpv4 = [ nativeAddrs."servo.lan" ];
@@ -141,10 +141,5 @@ in
    # };
  };

-  systemd.services.hickory-dns-doof.after = [
-    # service will fail to bind the veth, otherwise
-    "netns-doof-veth.service"
-  ];
-
-  sane.services.dyn-dns.restartOnChange = lib.map (c: "${c.service}.service") (builtins.attrValues config.sane.services.hickory-dns.instances);
+  sane.services.dyn-dns.restartOnChange = lib.map (c: "${c.service}.service") (builtins.attrValues config.sane.services.trust-dns.instances);
 }
--- a/hosts/common/boot.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/boot.nix
@@ -3,12 +3,13 @@
  boot.initrd.supportedFilesystems = [ "ext4" "btrfs" "ext2" "ext3" "vfat" ];
  # useful emergency utils
  boot.initrd.extraUtilsCommands = ''
-    copy_bin_and_libs ${lib.getExe' pkgs.btrfs-progs "btrfstune"}
-    copy_bin_and_libs ${lib.getExe' pkgs.util-linux "{cfdisk,lsblk,lscpu}"}
-    copy_bin_and_libs ${lib.getExe' pkgs.gptfdisk "{cgdisk,gdisk}"}
-    copy_bin_and_libs ${lib.getExe' pkgs.smartmontools "smartctl"}
-    copy_bin_and_libs ${lib.getExe' pkgs.e2fsprogs "resize2fs"}
-    copy_bin_and_libs ${lib.getExe pkgs.nvme-cli}
+    copy_bin_and_libs ${pkgs.btrfs-progs}/bin/btrfstune
+    copy_bin_and_libs ${pkgs.util-linux}/bin/{cfdisk,lsblk,lscpu}
+    copy_bin_and_libs ${pkgs.gptfdisk}/bin/{cgdisk,gdisk}
+    copy_bin_and_libs ${pkgs.smartmontools}/bin/smartctl
+    copy_bin_and_libs ${pkgs.e2fsprogs}/bin/resize2fs
+  '' + lib.optionalString pkgs.stdenv.hostPlatform.isx86_64 ''
+    copy_bin_and_libs ${pkgs.nvme-cli}/bin/nvme  # doesn't cross compile
  '';
  boot.kernelParams = [
    "boot.shell_on_fail"
@@ -24,10 +25,10 @@

  # moby has to run recent kernels (defined elsewhere).
  # meanwhile, kernel variation plays some minor role in things like sandboxing (landlock) and capabilities.
-  # - as of 2024/08/xx, my boot fails on 6.6, but works on 6.9 and (probably; recently) 6.8.
  # simpler to keep near the latest kernel on all devices,
  # and also makes certain that any weird system-level bugs i see aren't likely to be stale kernel bugs.
-  boot.kernelPackages = lib.mkDefault pkgs.linuxPackages_latest;
+  # servo needs zfs though, which doesn't support every kernel.
+  boot.kernelPackages = lib.mkDefault pkgs.zfs.latestCompatibleLinuxPackages;

  # hack in the `boot.shell_on_fail` arg since that doesn't always seem to work.
  boot.initrd.preFailCommands = "allowShell=1";
--- a/hosts/common/default.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/default.nix
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-{ lib, pkgs, ... }:
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
 {
  imports = [
    ./boot.nix
    ./feeds.nix
-    ./fs
+    ./fs.nix
    ./home
    ./hosts.nix
    ./ids.nix
@@ -31,15 +31,6 @@
  sane.programs.sysadminUtils.enableFor.system = lib.mkDefault true;
  sane.programs.consoleUtils.enableFor.user.colin = lib.mkDefault true;

-  services.buffyboard.enable = true;
-  services.buffyboard.settings.theme.default = "pmos-light";
-  # services.buffyboard.settings.quirks.fbdev_force_refresh = true;
-  services.buffyboard.extraFlags = [ "--verbose" ];
-
-  # irqbalance monitors interrupt count (as a daemon) and assigns high-frequency interrupts to different CPUs.
-  # that reduces contention between simultaneously-fired interrupts.
-  services.irqbalance.enable = true;
-
  # time.timeZone = "America/Los_Angeles";
  time.timeZone = "Etc/UTC";  # DST is too confusing for me => use a stable timezone

@@ -50,7 +41,7 @@
      # source: <https://github.com/luishfonseca/dotfiles/blob/32c10e775d9ec7cc55e44592a060c1c9aadf113e/modules/upgrade-diff.nix>
      # modified to not error on boot (when /run/current-system doesn't exist)
      if [ -d /run/current-system ]; then
-        ${lib.getExe pkgs.nvd} --nix-bin-dir=${pkgs.nix}/bin diff /run/current-system "$systemConfig"
+        ${pkgs.nvd}/bin/nvd --nix-bin-dir=${pkgs.nix}/bin diff /run/current-system "$systemConfig"
      fi
    '';
  };
--- a/hosts/common/feeds.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/feeds.nix
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 # where to find good stuff?
 # - universal search/directory: <https://podcastindex.org>
-#   - the full database is downloadable
 # - list of lists: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Lists_of_podcasts>
 # - podcasts w/ a community: <https://lemmyverse.net/communities?query=podcast>
 # - podcast recs:
@@ -58,7 +57,6 @@ let
    };

  podcasts = [
-    (fromDb "404media.co/the-404-media-podcast" // tech)
    (fromDb "acquiredlpbonussecretsecret.libsyn.com" // tech)  # ACQ2 - more "Acquired" episodes
    (fromDb "allinchamathjason.libsyn.com" // pol)
    (fromDb "api.oyez.org/podcasts/oral-arguments/2015" // pol)  # Supreme Court Oral Arguments ("2015" in URL means nothing -- it's still updated)
@@ -68,46 +66,37 @@ let
    (fromDb "congressionaldish.libsyn.com" // pol)  # Jennifer Briney
    (fromDb "craphound.com" // pol)  # Cory Doctorow -- both podcast & text entries
    (fromDb "darknetdiaries.com" // tech)
-    (fromDb "dwarkeshpatel.com" // tech)
+    (fromDb "feed.podbean.com/matrixlive/feed.xml" // tech)  # Matrix (chat) Live
    (fromDb "feeds.99percentinvisible.org/99percentinvisible" // pol)  # 99% Invisible -- also available here: <https://feeds.simplecast.com/BqbsxVfO>
-    (fromDb "feeds.buzzsprout.com/2412334.rss")  # Matt Stoller's _Organized Money_ <https://www.organizedmoney.fm/>
-    (fromDb "feeds.eff.org/howtofixtheinternet" // pol)
    (fromDb "feeds.feedburner.com/80000HoursPodcast" // rat)
    (fromDb "feeds.feedburner.com/dancarlin/history" // rat)
    (fromDb "feeds.feedburner.com/radiolab" // pol)  # Radiolab -- also available here, but ONLY OVER HTTP: <http://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab>
-    (fromDb "feeds.megaphone.fm/GLT1412515089" // pol)  # JRE: Joe Rogan Experience
    (fromDb "feeds.megaphone.fm/behindthebastards" // pol)  # also Maggie Killjoy
-    (fromDb "feeds.megaphone.fm/cspantheweekly" // pol)
    (fromDb "feeds.megaphone.fm/recodedecode" // tech)  # The Verge - Decoder
-    (fromDb "feeds.megaphone.fm/unexplainable")
+    (fromDb "feeds.simplecast.com/82FI35Px" // pol)  # Ezra Klein Show
    (fromDb "feeds.simplecast.com/wgl4xEgL" // rat)  # Econ Talk
    (fromDb "feeds.simplecast.com/xKJ93w_w" // uncat)  # Atlas Obscura
-    (fromDb "feeds.simplecast.com/whlwDbyc" // tech)  # Tech Lounge: <https://chrischinchilla.com/podcast/techlounge/>
    (fromDb "feeds.transistor.fm/acquired" // tech)
    (fromDb "feeds.transistor.fm/complex-systems-with-patrick-mckenzie-patio11" // tech)  # Patrick Mackenzie (from Bits About Money)
    (fromDb "feeds.twit.tv/floss.xml" // tech)
    (fromDb "fulltimenix.com" // tech)
    (fromDb "futureofcoding.org/episodes" // tech)
    (fromDb "hackerpublicradio.org" // tech)
-    (fromDb "lastweekinai.com" // tech)
    (fromDb "lexfridman.com/podcast" // rat)
    (fromDb "linktr.ee/betteroffline" // pol)
-    (fromDb "linuxdevtime.com" // tech)
    (fromDb "mapspodcast.libsyn.com" // uncat)  # Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies
    (fromDb "microarch.club" // tech)
+    (fromDb "mintcast.org" // tech)
    (fromDb "omegataupodcast.net" // tech)  # 3/4 German; 1/4 eps are English
    (fromDb "omny.fm/shows/cool-people-who-did-cool-stuff" // pol)  # Maggie Killjoy -- referenced by Cory Doctorow
    (fromDb "omny.fm/shows/money-stuff-the-podcast")  # Matt Levine
-    (fromDb "omny.fm/shows/stuff-you-should-know-1")
    (fromDb "omny.fm/shows/the-dollop-with-dave-anthony-and-gareth-reynolds")  # The Dollop history/comedy
-    (fromDb "omny.fm/shows/weird-little-guys")  # Cool Zone Media
    (fromDb "originstories.libsyn.com" // uncat)
-    (fromDb "politicspoliticspolitics.com" // pol)  # don't judge me. Justin Robert Young.
-    (fromDb "podcast.ergaster.org/@flintandsilicon" // tech)  # Thib's podcast: public interest tech, gnome, etc: <https://fed.uninsane.org/users/$ALLO9MZ5g5CsQTCBH6>
-    (fromDb "podcast.sustainoss.org" // tech)
    (fromDb "politicalorphanage.libsyn.com" // pol)
    (fromDb "reverseengineering.libsyn.com/rss" // tech)  # UnNamed Reverse Engineering Podcast
+    (fromDb "rss.acast.com/deconstructed")  # The Intercept - Deconstructed
    (fromDb "rss.acast.com/ft-tech-tonic" // tech)
+    (fromDb "rss.acast.com/intercepted-with-jeremy-scahill")  # The Intercept - Intercepted
    (fromDb "rss.art19.com/60-minutes" // pol)
    (fromDb "rss.art19.com/the-portal" // rat)  # Eric Weinstein
    (fromDb "seattlenice.buzzsprout.com" // pol)
@@ -116,29 +105,23 @@ let
    (fromDb "sharptech.fm/feed/podcast" // tech)
    (fromDb "sscpodcast.libsyn.com" // rat)  # Astral Codex Ten
    (fromDb "talesfromthebridge.buzzsprout.com" // tech)  # Sci-Fi? has Peter Watts; author of No Moods, Ads or Cutesy Fucking Icons (rifters.com)
+    (fromDb "theamphour.com" // tech)
    (fromDb "techtalesshow.com" // tech)  # Corbin Davenport
    (fromDb "techwontsave.us" // pol)  # rec by Cory Doctorow
-    (fromDb "theamphour.com" // tech)
-    (fromDb "timclicks.dev/compose-podcast" // tech)  # Rust-heavy dev interviews
+    (fromDb "wakingup.libsyn.com" // pol)  # Sam Harris
    (fromDb "werenotwrong.fireside.fm" // pol)
    (mkPod "https://sfconservancy.org/casts/the-corresponding-source/feeds/ogg/" // tech)

-    # (fromDb "feed.podbean.com/matrixlive/feed.xml" // tech)  # Matrix (chat) Live
    # (fromDb "feeds.libsyn.com/421877" // rat)  # Less Wrong Curated
    # (fromDb "feeds.megaphone.fm/hubermanlab" // uncat)  # Daniel Huberman on sleep
    # (fromDb "feeds.simplecast.com/54nAGcIl" // pol)  # The Daily
-    # (fromDb "feeds.simplecast.com/82FI35Px" // pol)  # Ezra Klein Show
    # (fromDb "feeds.simplecast.com/l2i9YnTd" // tech // pol)  # Hard Fork (NYtimes tech)
-    # (fromDb "mintcast.org" // tech)
    # (fromDb "podcast.posttv.com/itunes/post-reports.xml" // pol)
    # (fromDb "podcast.thelinuxexp.com" // tech)  # low-brow linux/foss PR announcements
-    # (fromDb "rss.acast.com/deconstructed")  # The Intercept - Deconstructed
-    # (fromDb "rss.acast.com/intercepted-with-jeremy-scahill")  # The Intercept - Intercepted
    # (fromDb "rss.art19.com/your-welcome" // pol)  # Michael Malice - Your Welcome -- also available here: <https://origin.podcastone.com/podcast?categoryID2=2232>
    # (fromDb "rss.prod.firstlook.media/deconstructed/podcast.rss" // pol)  #< possible URL rot
    # (fromDb "rss.prod.firstlook.media/intercepted/podcast.rss" // pol)  #< possible URL rot
    # (fromDb "trashfuturepodcast.podbean.com" // pol)  # rec by Cory Doctorow, but way rambly
-    # (fromDb "wakingup.libsyn.com" // pol)  # Sam Harris, but he just repeats himself now
    # (mkPod "https://anchor.fm/s/21bc734/podcast/rss" // pol // infrequent)  # Emerge: making sense of what's next -- <https://www.whatisemerging.com/emergepodcast>
    # (mkPod "https://audioboom.com/channels/5097784.rss" // tech)  # Lateral with Tom Scott
    # (mkPod "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/RUNMED9919162779" // pol // infrequent)  # The Witch Trials of J.K. Rowling: <https://www.thefp.com/witchtrials>
@@ -146,11 +129,9 @@ let
  ];

  texts = [
-    (fromDb "ergaster.org/blog" // tech)  # Thib's blog: public interest tech, gnome, etc: <https://fed.uninsane.org/users/$ALLO9MZ5g5CsQTCBH6>
    (fromDb "acoup.blog/feed")  # history, states. author: <https://historians.social/@bretdevereaux/following>
    (fromDb "amosbbatto.wordpress.com" // tech)
    (fromDb "anish.lakhwara.com" // tech)
-    (fromDb "antipope.org")  # Charles Stross
    (fromDb "apenwarr.ca/log/rss.php" // tech)  # CEO of tailscale
    (fromDb "applieddivinitystudies.com" // rat)
    (fromDb "artemis.sh" // tech)
@@ -165,7 +146,6 @@ let
    (fromDb "blog.jmp.chat" // tech)
    (fromDb "blog.rust-lang.org" // tech)
    (fromDb "blog.thalheim.io" // tech)  # Mic92
-    (fromDb "blog.brixit.nl" // tech)  # Martijn Braam
    (fromDb "bunniestudios.com" // tech)  # Bunnie Juang
    (fromDb "capitolhillseattle.com" // pol)
    (fromDb "edwardsnowden.substack.com" // pol // text)
@@ -178,7 +158,6 @@ let
    (fromDb "interconnected.org/home/feed" // rat)  # Matt Webb -- engineering-ish, but dreamy
    (fromDb "jeffgeerling.com" // tech)
    (fromDb "jefftk.com" // tech)
-    (fromDb "justine.lol" // tech)
    (fromDb "jwz.org/blog" // tech // pol)  # DNA lounge guy, loooong-time blogger
    (fromDb "kill-the-newsletter.com/feeds/joh91bv7am2pnznv.xml" // pol)  # Matt Levine - Money Stuff
    (fromDb "kosmosghost.github.io/index.xml" // tech)
@@ -188,7 +167,6 @@ let
    (fromDb "mako.cc/copyrighteous" // tech // pol)  # rec by Cory Doctorow
    (fromDb "mg.lol" // tech)
    (fromDb "mindingourway.com" // rat)
-    (fromDb "momi.ca" // tech)  # Anjan, pmOS
    (fromDb "morningbrew.com/feed" // pol)
    (fromDb "nixpkgs.news" // tech)
    (fromDb "overcomingbias.com" // rat)  # Robin Hanson
@@ -211,6 +189,7 @@ let
    (fromDb "slimemoldtimemold.com" // rat)
    (fromDb "spectrum.ieee.org" // tech)
    (fromDb "stpeter.im/atom.xml" // pol)
+    (fromDb "thediff.co" // pol)  # Byrne Hobart
    (fromDb "thisweek.gnome.org" // tech)
    (fromDb "tuxphones.com" // tech)
    (fromDb "uninsane.org" // tech)
@@ -222,14 +201,12 @@ let
    (fromDb "xorvoid.com" // tech)
    (fromDb "www.thebignewsletter.com" // pol)
    (mkSubstack "astralcodexten" // rat // daily)  # Scott Alexander
-    (mkSubstack "chlamchowder" // tech)  # details CPU advancements
    (mkSubstack "eliqian" // rat // weekly)
    (mkSubstack "oversharing" // pol // daily)
    (mkSubstack "samkriss" // humor // infrequent)
    (mkText "http://benjaminrosshoffman.com/feed" // pol // weekly)
    (mkText "http://boginjr.com/feed" // tech // infrequent)
    (mkText "https://forum.merveilles.town/rss.xml" // pol // infrequent)  #quality RSS list here: <https://forum.merveilles.town/thread/57/share-your-rss-feeds%21-6/>
-    (mkText "https://icm.museum/rss20.xml" // tech // infrequent)  # Interim Computer Museum
    (mkText "https://jvns.ca/atom.xml" // tech // weekly)  # Julia Evans
    (mkText "https://linuxphoneapps.org/blog/atom.xml" // tech // infrequent)
    (mkText "https://nixos.org/blog/announcements-rss.xml" // tech // infrequent)  # more nixos stuff here, but unclear how to subscribe: <https://nixos.org/blog/categories.html>
@@ -242,7 +219,6 @@ let
    # (fromDb "econlib.org" // pol)
    # (fromDb "lesswrong.com" // rat)
    # (fromDb "profectusmag.com" // pol)  # some conservative/libertarian think tank
-    # (fromDb "thediff.co" // pol)  # Byrne Hobart; 80% is subscriber-only
    # (fromDb "thesideview.co" // uncat)  # spiritual journal; RSS items are stubs
    # (fromDb "theregister.com" // tech)
    # (fromDb "vitalik.ca" // tech)  # moved to vitalik.eth.limo
@@ -255,26 +231,21 @@ let

  videos = [
    (fromDb "youtube.com/@Channel5YouTube" // pol)
+    (fromDb "youtube.com/@ColdFusion")
    (fromDb "youtube.com/@ContraPoints" // pol)
    (fromDb "youtube.com/@Exurb1a")
    (fromDb "youtube.com/@hbomberguy")
    (fromDb "youtube.com/@JackStauber")
-    (fromDb "youtube.com/@mii_beta" // tech)  # Baby Wogue / gnome reviewer
-    (fromDb "youtube.com/@Matrixdotorg" // tech)  # Matrix Live
    (fromDb "youtube.com/@NativLang")
    (fromDb "youtube.com/@PolyMatter")
    (fromDb "youtube.com/@TechnologyConnections" // tech)
-    (fromDb "youtube.com/@tested" // tech)  # Adam Savage
+    (fromDb "youtube.com/@TheB1M")
    (fromDb "youtube.com/@TomScottGo")
-    (fromDb "youtube.com/@TVW_Washington" // pol)  # interviews with WA public officials
    (fromDb "youtube.com/@Vihart")
-    (fromDb "youtube.com/@InnuendoStudios" // pol)  # breaks down the nastier political strategies, from a "politics is power" angle

-    # (fromDb "youtube.com/@ColdFusion")
-    # (fromDb "youtube.com/@rossmanngroup" // pol // tech)  # Louis Rossmann
-    # (fromDb "youtube.com/@TheB1M")
    # (fromDb "youtube.com/@Vox")
    # (fromDb "youtube.com/@Vsauce")  # they're all like 1-minute long videos now? what happened @Vsauce?
+    # (fromDb "youtube.com/@rossmanngroup" // pol // tech)  # Louis Rossmann
  ];

  images = [
--- a/hosts/common/fs.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/fs.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+# docs
+# - x-systemd options: <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.mount.html>
+# - fuse options: `man mount.fuse`
+
+{ config, lib, pkgs, sane-lib, utils, ... }:
+
+let
+  fsOpts = rec {
+    common = [
+      "_netdev"
+      "noatime"
+      # user: allow any user with access to the device to mount the fs.
+      #       note that this requires a suid `mount` binary; see: <https://zameermanji.com/blog/2022/8/5/using-fuse-without-root-on-linux/>
+      "user"
+      "x-systemd.requires=network-online.target"
+      "x-systemd.after=network-online.target"
+      "x-systemd.mount-timeout=10s"  # how long to wait for mount **and** how long to wait for unmount
+    ];
+    # x-systemd.automount: mount the fs automatically *on first access*.
+    # creates a `path-to-mount.automount` systemd unit.
+    automount = [ "x-systemd.automount" ];
+    # noauto: don't mount as part of remote-fs.target.
+    # N.B.: `remote-fs.target` is a dependency of multi-user.target, itself of graphical.target.
+    # hence, omitting `noauto` can slow down boots.
+    noauto = [ "noauto" ];
+    # lazyMount: defer mounting until first access from userspace.
+    # see: `man systemd.automount`, `man automount`, `man autofs`
+    lazyMount = noauto ++ automount;
+
+    fuse = [
+      "allow_other"  # allow users other than the one who mounts it to access it. needed, if systemd is the one mounting this fs (as root)
+      # allow_root: allow root to access files on this fs (if mounted by non-root, else it can always access them).
+      #             N.B.: if both allow_root and allow_other are specified, then only allow_root takes effect.
+      # "allow_root"
+      # default_permissions: enforce local permissions check. CRUCIAL if using `allow_other`.
+      # w/o this, permissions mode of sshfs is like:
+      # - sshfs runs all remote commands as the remote user.
+      # - if a local user has local permissions to the sshfs mount, then their file ops are sent blindly across the tunnel.
+      # - `allow_other` allows *any* local user to access the mount, and hence any local user can now freely become the remote mapped user.
+      # with default_permissions, sshfs doesn't tunnel file ops from users until checking that said user could perform said op on an equivalent local fs.
+      "default_permissions"
+    ];
+    fuseColin = fuse ++ [
+      "uid=1000"
+      "gid=100"
+    ];
+
+    ssh = common ++ fuseColin ++ [
+      "identityfile=/home/colin/.ssh/id_ed25519"
+      # i *think* idmap=user means that `colin` on `localhost` and `colin` on the remote are actually treated as the same user, even if their uid/gid differs?
+      # i.e., local colin's id is translated to/from remote colin's id on every operation?
+      "idmap=user"
+    ];
+    sshColin = ssh ++ fuseColin ++ [
+      # follow_symlinks: remote files which are symlinks are presented to the local system as ordinary files (as the target of the symlink).
+      #                  if the symlink target does not exist, the presentation is unspecified.
+      #                  symlinks which point outside the mount ARE followed. so this is more capable than `transform_symlinks`
+      "follow_symlinks"
+      # symlinks on the remote fs which are absolute paths are presented to the local system as relative symlinks pointing to the expected data on the remote fs.
+      # only symlinks which would point inside the mountpoint are translated.
+      "transform_symlinks"
+    ];
+    # sshRoot = ssh ++ [
+    #   # we don't transform_symlinks because that breaks the validity of remote /nix stores
+    #   "sftp_server=/run/wrappers/bin/sudo\\040/run/current-system/sw/libexec/sftp-server"
+    # ];
+    # in the event of hunt NFS mounts, consider:
+    # - <https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/31979/stop-broken-nfs-mounts-from-locking-a-directory>
+
+    # NFS options: <https://linux.die.net/man/5/nfs>
+    # actimeo=n  = how long (in seconds) to cache file/dir attributes (default: 3-60s)
+    # bg         = retry failed mounts in the background
+    # retry=n    = for how many minutes `mount` will retry NFS mount operation
+    # intr       = allow Ctrl+C to abort I/O (it will error with `EINTR`)
+    # soft       = on "major timeout", report I/O error to userspace
+    # softreval  = on "major timeout", service the request using known-stale cache results instead of erroring -- if such cache data exists
+    # retrans=n  = how many times to retry a NFS request before giving userspace a "server not responding" error (default: 3)
+    # timeo=n    = number of *deciseconds* to wait for a response before retrying it (default: 600)
+    #              note: client uses a linear backup, so the second request will have double this timeout, then triple, etc.
+    # proto=udp  = encapsulate protocol ops inside UDP packets instead of a TCP session.
+    #              requires `nfsvers=3` and a kernel compiled with `NFS_DISABLE_UDP_SUPPORT=n`.
+    #              UDP might be preferable to TCP because the latter is liable to hang for ~100s (kernel TCP timeout) after a link drop.
+    #              however, even UDP has issues with `umount` hanging.
+    #
+    # N.B.: don't change these without first testing the behavior of sandboxed apps on a flaky network.
+    nfs = common ++ [
+      # "actimeo=5"
+      # "bg"
+      "retrans=1"
+      "retry=0"
+      # "intr"
+      "soft"
+      "softreval"
+      "timeo=30"
+      "nofail"  # don't fail remote-fs.target when this mount fails  (not an option for sshfs else would be common)
+      # "proto=udp"  # default kernel config doesn't support NFS over UDP: <https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1964093> (see comment 11).
+      # "nfsvers=3"  # NFSv4+ doesn't support UDP at *all*. it's ok to omit nfsvers -- server + client will negotiate v3 based on udp requirement. but omitting causes confusing mount errors when the server is *offline*, because the client defaults to v4 and thinks the udp option is a config error.
+      # "x-systemd.idle-timeout=10"  # auto-unmount after this much inactivity
+    ];
+
+    # manually perform a ftp mount via e.g.
+    #   curlftpfs -o ftpfs_debug=2,user=anonymous:anonymous,connect_timeout=10 -f -s ftp://servo-hn /mnt/my-ftp
+    ftp = common ++ fuseColin ++ [
+      # "ftpfs_debug=2"
+      "user=colin:ipauth"
+      # connect_timeout=10: casting shows to T.V. fails partway through about half the time
+      "connect_timeout=20"
+    ];
+  };
+
+  ifSshAuthorized = lib.mkIf config.sane.hosts.by-name."${config.networking.hostName}".ssh.authorized;
+
+  remoteHome = host: {
+    sane.programs.sshfs-fuse.enableFor.system = true;
+    system.fsPackages = [
+      config.sane.programs.sshfs-fuse.package
+    ];
+    fileSystems."/mnt/${host}/home" = {
+      device = "sshfs#colin@${host}:/home/colin";
+      fsType = "fuse3";
+      options = fsOpts.sshColin ++ fsOpts.lazyMount ++ [
+        # drop_privileges: after `mount.fuse3` opens /dev/fuse, it will drop all capabilities before invoking sshfs
+        "drop_privileges"
+        "auto_unmount"  #< ensures that when the fs exits, it releases its mountpoint. then systemd can recognize it as failed.
+      ];
+      noCheck = true;
+    };
+    sane.fs."/mnt/${host}/home" = {
+      dir.acl.user = "colin";
+      dir.acl.group = "users";
+      dir.acl.mode = "0700";
+      wantedBy = [ "default.target" ];
+      mount.depends = [ "network-online.target" ];
+      mount.mountConfig.ExecSearchPath = [ "/run/current-system/sw/bin" ];
+      mount.mountConfig.User = "colin";
+      mount.mountConfig.AmbientCapabilities = "CAP_SETPCAP CAP_SYS_ADMIN";
+      # hardening (systemd-analyze security mnt-desko-home.mount):
+      # TODO: i can't use ProtectSystem=full here, because i can't create a new mount space; but...
+      # with drop_privileges, i *could* sandbox the actual `sshfs` program using e.g. bwrap
+      mount.mountConfig.CapabilityBoundingSet = "CAP_SETPCAP CAP_SYS_ADMIN";
+      mount.mountConfig.LockPersonality = true;
+      mount.mountConfig.MemoryDenyWriteExecute = true;
+      mount.mountConfig.NoNewPrivileges = true;
+      mount.mountConfig.ProtectClock = true;
+      mount.mountConfig.ProtectHostname = true;
+      mount.mountConfig.RemoveIPC = true;
+      mount.mountConfig.RestrictAddressFamilies = "AF_UNIX AF_INET AF_INET6";
+      #VVV this includes anything it reads from, e.g. /bin/sh; /nix/store/...
+      # see `systemd-analyze filesystems` for a full list
+      mount.mountConfig.RestrictFileSystems = "@common-block @basic-api fuse";
+      mount.mountConfig.RestrictRealtime = true;
+      mount.mountConfig.RestrictSUIDSGID = true;
+      mount.mountConfig.SystemCallArchitectures = "native";
+      mount.mountConfig.SystemCallFilter = [
+        "@system-service"
+        "@mount"
+        "~@chown"
+        "~@cpu-emulation"
+        "~@keyring"
+        # could remove almost all io calls, however one has to keep `open`, and `write`, to communicate with the fuse device.
+        # so that's pretty useless as a way to prevent write access
+      ];
+      mount.mountConfig.IPAddressDeny = "any";
+      mount.mountConfig.IPAddressAllow = "10.0.0.0/8";
+      mount.mountConfig.DevicePolicy = "closed";  # only allow /dev/{null,zero,full,random,urandom}
+      mount.mountConfig.DeviceAllow = "/dev/fuse";
+      # mount.mountConfig.RestrictNamespaces = true;  #< my sshfs sandboxing uses bwrap
+    };
+  };
+  remoteServo = subdir: let
+    localPath = "/mnt/servo/${subdir}";
+    systemdName = utils.escapeSystemdPath localPath;
+  in {
+    sane.programs.curlftpfs.enableFor.system = true;
+    system.fsPackages = [
+      config.sane.programs.curlftpfs.package
+    ];
+    fileSystems."${localPath}" = {
+      device = "curlftpfs#ftp://servo-hn:/${subdir}";
+      noCheck = true;
+      fsType = "fuse3";
+      options = fsOpts.ftp ++ fsOpts.noauto ++ [
+        # drop_privileges: after `mount.fuse3` opens /dev/fuse, it will drop all capabilities before invoking sshfs
+        "drop_privileges"
+        "auto_unmount"  #< ensures that when the fs exits, it releases its mountpoint. then systemd can recognize it as failed.
+      ];
+      # fsType = "nfs";
+      # options = fsOpts.nfs ++ fsOpts.lazyMount;
+    };
+    sane.fs."${localPath}" = {
+      dir.acl.user = "colin";
+      dir.acl.group = "users";
+      dir.acl.mode = "0750";
+      wantedBy = [ "default.target" ];
+      mount.depends = [ "network-online.target" "${systemdName}-reachable.service" ];
+      #VVV patch so that when the mount fails, we start a timer to remount it.
+      #    and for a disconnection after a good mount (onSuccess), restart the timer to be more aggressive
+      mount.unitConfig.OnFailure = [ "${systemdName}.timer" ];
+      mount.unitConfig.OnSuccess = [ "${systemdName}-restart-timer.target" ];
+
+      mount.mountConfig.TimeoutSec = "10s";
+      mount.mountConfig.ExecSearchPath = [ "/run/current-system/sw/bin" ];
+      mount.mountConfig.User = "colin";
+      mount.mountConfig.AmbientCapabilities = "CAP_SETPCAP CAP_SYS_ADMIN";
+      # hardening (systemd-analyze security mnt-servo-playground.mount)
+      mount.mountConfig.CapabilityBoundingSet = "CAP_SETPCAP CAP_SYS_ADMIN";
+      mount.mountConfig.LockPersonality = true;
+      mount.mountConfig.MemoryDenyWriteExecute = true;
+      mount.mountConfig.NoNewPrivileges = true;
+      mount.mountConfig.ProtectClock = true;
+      mount.mountConfig.ProtectHostname = true;
+      mount.mountConfig.RemoveIPC = true;
+      mount.mountConfig.RestrictAddressFamilies = "AF_UNIX AF_INET AF_INET6";
+      #VVV this includes anything it reads from, e.g. /bin/sh; /nix/store/...
+      # see `systemd-analyze filesystems` for a full list
+      mount.mountConfig.RestrictFileSystems = "@common-block @basic-api fuse";
+      mount.mountConfig.RestrictRealtime = true;
+      mount.mountConfig.RestrictSUIDSGID = true;
+      mount.mountConfig.SystemCallArchitectures = "native";
+      mount.mountConfig.SystemCallFilter = [
+        "@system-service"
+        "@mount"
+        "~@chown"
+        "~@cpu-emulation"
+        "~@keyring"
+        # could remove almost all io calls, however one has to keep `open`, and `write`, to communicate with the fuse device.
+        # so that's pretty useless as a way to prevent write access
+      ];
+      mount.mountConfig.IPAddressDeny = "any";
+      mount.mountConfig.IPAddressAllow = "10.0.10.5";
+      mount.mountConfig.DevicePolicy = "closed";  # only allow /dev/{null,zero,full,random,urandom}
+      mount.mountConfig.DeviceAllow = "/dev/fuse";
+      # mount.mountConfig.RestrictNamespaces = true;
+    };
+
+    systemd.services."${systemdName}-reachable" = {
+      serviceConfig.ExecSearchPath = [ "/run/current-system/sw/bin" ];
+      serviceConfig.ExecStart = lib.escapeShellArgs [
+        "curlftpfs"
+        "ftp://servo-hn:/${subdir}"
+        "/dev/null"
+        "-o"
+        (lib.concatStringsSep "," ([ "exit_after_connect" ] ++ config.fileSystems."${localPath}".options))
+      ];
+      serviceConfig.RemainAfterExit = true;
+      serviceConfig.Type = "oneshot";
+      unitConfig.BindsTo = [ "${systemdName}.mount" ];
+      # hardening (systemd-analyze security mnt-servo-playground-reachable.service)
+      serviceConfig.AmbientCapabilities = "";
+      serviceConfig.CapabilityBoundingSet = "";
+      serviceConfig.DynamicUser = true;
+      serviceConfig.LockPersonality = true;
+      serviceConfig.MemoryDenyWriteExecute = true;
+      serviceConfig.NoNewPrivileges = true;
+      serviceConfig.PrivateDevices = true;
+      serviceConfig.PrivateMounts = true;
+      serviceConfig.PrivateTmp = true;
+      serviceConfig.PrivateUsers = true;
+      serviceConfig.ProcSubset = "all";
+      serviceConfig.ProtectClock = true;
+      serviceConfig.ProtectControlGroups = true;
+      serviceConfig.ProtectHome = true;
+      serviceConfig.ProtectKernelModules = true;
+      serviceConfig.ProtectProc = "invisible";
+      serviceConfig.ProtectSystem = "strict";
+      serviceConfig.RemoveIPC = true;
+      serviceConfig.RestrictAddressFamilies = "AF_UNIX AF_INET AF_INET6";
+      # serviceConfig.RestrictFileSystems = "@common-block @basic-api";  #< NOPE
+      serviceConfig.RestrictRealtime = true;
+      serviceConfig.RestrictSUIDSGID = true;
+      serviceConfig.SystemCallArchitectures = "native";
+      serviceConfig.SystemCallFilter = [
+        "@system-service"
+        "@mount"
+        "~@chown"
+        "~@cpu-emulation"
+        "~@keyring"
+        # "~@privileged"  #< NOPE
+        "~@resources"
+        # could remove some more probably
+      ];
+      serviceConfig.IPAddressDeny = "any";
+      serviceConfig.IPAddressAllow = "10.0.10.5";
+      serviceConfig.DevicePolicy = "closed";
+      # exceptions
+      serviceConfig.ProtectHostname = false;
+      serviceConfig.ProtectKernelLogs = false;
+      serviceConfig.ProtectKernelTunables = false;
+    };
+
+    systemd.targets."${systemdName}-restart-timer" = {
+      # hack unit which, when started, stops the timer (if running), and then starts it again.
+      after = [ "${systemdName}.timer" ];
+      conflicts = [ "${systemdName}.timer" ];
+      upholds = [ "${systemdName}.timer" ];
+      unitConfig.StopWhenUnneeded = true;
+    };
+    systemd.timers."${systemdName}" = {
+      timerConfig.Unit = "${systemdName}.mount";
+      timerConfig.AccuracySec = "2s";
+      timerConfig.OnActiveSec = [
+        # try to remount at these timestamps, backing off gradually
+        # there seems to be an implicit mount attempt at t=0.
+        "10s"
+        "30s"
+        "60s"
+        "120s"
+      ];
+      # cap the backoff to a fixed interval.
+      timerConfig.OnUnitActiveSec = [ "120s" ];
+    };
+  };
+in
+lib.mkMerge [
+  {
+    # some services which use private directories error if the parent (/var/lib/private) isn't 700.
+    sane.fs."/var/lib/private".dir.acl.mode = "0700";
+
+    # in-memory compressed RAM
+    # defaults to compressing at most 50% size of RAM
+    # claimed compression ratio is about 2:1
+    # - but on moby w/ zstd default i see 4-7:1  (ratio lowers as it fills)
+    # note that idle overhead is about 0.05% of capacity (e.g. 2B per 4kB page)
+    # docs: <https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/blockdev/zram.txt>
+    #
+    # to query effectiveness:
+    # `cat /sys/block/zram0/mm_stat`. whitespace separated fields:
+    # - *orig_data_size*  (bytes)
+    # - *compr_data_size* (bytes)
+    # - mem_used_total    (bytes)
+    # - mem_limit         (bytes)
+    # - mem_used_max      (bytes)
+    # - *same_pages*  (pages which are e.g. all zeros (consumes no additional mem))
+    # - *pages_compacted*  (pages which have been freed thanks to compression)
+    # - huge_pages  (incompressible)
+    #
+    # see also:
+    # - `man zramctl`
+    zramSwap.enable = true;
+    # how much ram can be swapped into the zram device.
+    # this shouldn't be higher than the observed compression ratio.
+    # the default is 50% (why?)
+    # 100% should be "guaranteed" safe so long as the data is even *slightly* compressible.
+    # but it decreases working memory under the heaviest of loads by however much space the compressed memory occupies (e.g. 50% if 2:1; 25% if 4:1)
+    zramSwap.memoryPercent = 100;
+
+    # environment.pathsToLink = [
+    #   # needed to achieve superuser access for user-mounted filesystems (see sshRoot above)
+    #   # we can only link whole directories here, even though we're only interested in pkgs.openssh
+    #   "/libexec"
+    # ];
+
+    programs.fuse.userAllowOther = true;  #< necessary for `allow_other` or `allow_root` options.
+  }
+
+  (ifSshAuthorized (remoteHome "crappy"))
+  (ifSshAuthorized (remoteHome "desko"))
+  (ifSshAuthorized (remoteHome "lappy"))
+  (ifSshAuthorized (remoteHome "moby"))
+  (ifSshAuthorized (remoteHome "servo"))
+  # this granularity of servo media mounts is necessary to support sandboxing:
+  # for flaky mounts, we can only bind the mountpoint itself into the sandbox,
+  # so it's either this or unconditionally bind all of media/.
+  (remoteServo "media/archive")
+  (remoteServo "media/Books")
+  (remoteServo "media/collections")
+  # (remoteServo "media/datasets")
+  (remoteServo "media/games")
+  (remoteServo "media/Music")
+  (remoteServo "media/Pictures/macros")
+  (remoteServo "media/torrents")
+  (remoteServo "media/Videos")
+  (remoteServo "playground")
+]
+
--- a/hosts/common/fs/default.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/fs/default.nix
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-{ ... }:
-{
-  imports = [
-    ./remote-home.nix
-    ./remote-servo.nix
-  ];
-  # some services which use private directories error if the parent (/var/lib/private) isn't 700.
-  sane.fs."/var/lib/private".dir.acl.mode = "0700";
-
-
-  # allocate a proper /tmp fs, else its capacity will be limited as per impermanence defaults (i.e. 1 GB).
-  fileSystems."/tmp" = {
-    device = "none";
-    fsType = "tmpfs";
-    options = [
-      "mode=777"
-      "defaults"
-    ];
-  };
-
-  # in-memory compressed RAM
-  # defaults to compressing at most 50% size of RAM
-  # claimed compression ratio is about 2:1
-  # - but on moby w/ zstd default i see 4-7:1  (ratio lowers as it fills)
-  # note that idle overhead is about 0.05% of capacity (e.g. 2B per 4kB page)
-  # docs: <https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/blockdev/zram.txt>
-  #
-  # to query effectiveness:
-  # `cat /sys/block/zram0/mm_stat`. whitespace separated fields:
-  # - *orig_data_size*  (bytes)
-  # - *compr_data_size* (bytes)
-  # - mem_used_total    (bytes)
-  # - mem_limit         (bytes)
-  # - mem_used_max      (bytes)
-  # - *same_pages*  (pages which are e.g. all zeros (consumes no additional mem))
-  # - *pages_compacted*  (pages which have been freed thanks to compression)
-  # - huge_pages  (incompressible)
-  #
-  # see also:
-  # - `man zramctl`
-  zramSwap.enable = true;
-  # how much ram can be swapped into the zram device.
-  # this shouldn't be higher than the observed compression ratio.
-  # the default is 50% (why?)
-  # 100% should be "guaranteed" safe so long as the data is even *slightly* compressible.
-  # but it decreases working memory under the heaviest of loads by however much space the compressed memory occupies (e.g. 50% if 2:1; 25% if 4:1)
-  zramSwap.memoryPercent = 100;
-
-  programs.fuse.userAllowOther = true;  #< necessary for `allow_other` or `allow_root` options.
-}
-
--- a/hosts/common/fs/fs-opts.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/fs/fs-opts.nix
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-# docs
-# - x-systemd options: <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.mount.html>
-# - fuse options: `man mount.fuse`
-rec {
-  common = [
-    "_netdev"
-    "noatime"
-    # user: allow any user with access to the device to mount the fs.
-    #       note that this requires a suid `mount` binary; see: <https://zameermanji.com/blog/2022/8/5/using-fuse-without-root-on-linux/>
-    "user"
-    "x-systemd.requires=network-online.target"
-    "x-systemd.after=network-online.target"
-    "x-systemd.mount-timeout=10s"  # how long to wait for mount **and** how long to wait for unmount
-    # disable defaults: don't fail local-fs.target if this mount fails
-    "nofail"
-  ];
-  # x-systemd.automount: mount the fs automatically *on first access*.
-  # creates a `path-to-mount.automount` systemd unit.
-  automount = [ "x-systemd.automount" ];
-  # noauto: don't mount as part of remote-fs.target.
-  # N.B.: `remote-fs.target` is a dependency of multi-user.target, itself of graphical.target.
-  # hence, omitting `noauto` can slow down boots.
-  noauto = [ "noauto" ];
-  # lazyMount: defer mounting until first access from userspace.
-  # see: `man systemd.automount`, `man automount`, `man autofs`
-  lazyMount = noauto ++ automount;
-
-  fuse = [
-    "allow_other"  # allow users other than the one who mounts it to access it. needed, if systemd is the one mounting this fs (as root)
-    # allow_root: allow root to access files on this fs (if mounted by non-root, else it can always access them).
-    #             N.B.: if both allow_root and allow_other are specified, then only allow_root takes effect.
-    # "allow_root"
-    # default_permissions: enforce local permissions check. CRUCIAL if using `allow_other`.
-    # w/o this, permissions mode of sshfs is like:
-    # - sshfs runs all remote commands as the remote user.
-    # - if a local user has local permissions to the sshfs mount, then their file ops are sent blindly across the tunnel.
-    # - `allow_other` allows *any* local user to access the mount, and hence any local user can now freely become the remote mapped user.
-    # with default_permissions, sshfs doesn't tunnel file ops from users until checking that said user could perform said op on an equivalent local fs.
-    "default_permissions"
-    "drop_privileges"
-    "auto_unmount"  #< ensures that when the fs exits, it releases its mountpoint. then systemd can recognize it as failed.
-  ];
-  fuseColin = fuse ++ [
-    "uid=1000"
-    "gid=100"
-  ];
-
-  ssh = common ++ fuseColin ++ [
-    "identityfile=/home/colin/.ssh/id_ed25519"
-    # i *think* idmap=user means that `colin` on `localhost` and `colin` on the remote are actually treated as the same user, even if their uid/gid differs?
-    # i.e., local colin's id is translated to/from remote colin's id on every operation?
-    "idmap=user"
-  ];
-  sshColin = ssh ++ fuseColin ++ [
-    # follow_symlinks: remote files which are symlinks are presented to the local system as ordinary files (as the target of the symlink).
-    #                  if the symlink target does not exist, the presentation is unspecified.
-    #                  symlinks which point outside the mount ARE followed. so this is more capable than `transform_symlinks`
-    "follow_symlinks"
-    # symlinks on the remote fs which are absolute paths are presented to the local system as relative symlinks pointing to the expected data on the remote fs.
-    # only symlinks which would point inside the mountpoint are translated.
-    "transform_symlinks"
-  ];
-  # sshRoot = ssh ++ [
-  #   # we don't transform_symlinks because that breaks the validity of remote /nix stores
-  #   "sftp_server=/run/wrappers/bin/sudo\\040/run/current-system/sw/libexec/sftp-server"
-  # ];
-
-  # manually perform a ftp mount via e.g.
-  #   curlftpfs -o ftpfs_debug=2,user=anonymous:anonymous,connect_timeout=10 -f -s ftp://servo-hn /mnt/my-ftp
-  ftp = common ++ fuseColin ++ [
-    # "ftpfs_debug=2"
-    "user=colin:ipauth"
-    # connect_timeout=10: casting shows to T.V. fails partway through about half the time
-    "connect_timeout=20"
-  ];
-}
--- a/hosts/common/fs/remote-home.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/fs/remote-home.nix
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-{ config, lib, ... }:
-let
-  fsOpts = import ./fs-opts.nix;
-  ifSshAuthorized = lib.mkIf (((config.sane.hosts.by-name."${config.networking.hostName}" or {}).ssh or {}).authorized or false);
-
-  remoteHome = name: { host ? name }: let
-    mountpoint = "/mnt/${name}/home";
-    device = "sshfs#colin@${host}:/home/colin";
-    fsType = "fuse3";
-    options = fsOpts.sshColin ++ fsOpts.lazyMount;
-  in {
-    sane.programs.sshfs-fuse.enableFor.system = true;
-    system.fsPackages = [
-      config.sane.programs.sshfs-fuse.package
-    ];
-    fileSystems."${mountpoint}" = {
-      inherit device fsType options;
-      noCheck = true;
-    };
-    # tell systemd about the mount so that i can sandbox it
-    systemd.mounts = [{
-      where = mountpoint;
-      what = device;
-      type = fsType;
-      options = lib.concatStringsSep "," options;
-      wantedBy = [ "default.target" ];
-      after = [ "network-online.target" ];
-      requires = [ "network-online.target" ];
-
-      mountConfig.ExecSearchPath = [ "/run/current-system/sw/bin" ];
-      mountConfig.User = "colin";
-      mountConfig.AmbientCapabilities = "CAP_SETPCAP CAP_SYS_ADMIN";
-      # hardening (systemd-analyze security mnt-desko-home.mount):
-      # TODO: i can't use ProtectSystem=full here, because i can't create a new mount space; but...
-      # with drop_privileges, i *could* sandbox the actual `sshfs` program using e.g. bwrap
-      mountConfig.CapabilityBoundingSet = "CAP_SETPCAP CAP_SYS_ADMIN";
-      mountConfig.LockPersonality = true;
-      mountConfig.MemoryDenyWriteExecute = true;
-      mountConfig.NoNewPrivileges = true;
-      mountConfig.ProtectClock = true;
-      mountConfig.ProtectHostname = true;
-      mountConfig.RemoveIPC = true;
-      mountConfig.RestrictAddressFamilies = "AF_UNIX AF_INET AF_INET6";
-      #VVV this includes anything it reads from, e.g. /bin/sh; /nix/store/...
-      # see `systemd-analyze filesystems` for a full list
-      mountConfig.RestrictFileSystems = "@common-block @basic-api fuse";
-      mountConfig.RestrictRealtime = true;
-      mountConfig.RestrictSUIDSGID = true;
-      mountConfig.SystemCallArchitectures = "native";
-      mountConfig.SystemCallFilter = [
-        "@system-service"
-        "@mount"
-        "~@chown"
-        "~@cpu-emulation"
-        "~@keyring"
-        # could remove almost all io calls, however one has to keep `open`, and `write`, to communicate with the fuse device.
-        # so that's pretty useless as a way to prevent write access
-      ];
-      mountConfig.IPAddressDeny = "any";
-      mountConfig.IPAddressAllow = "10.0.0.0/8";
-      mountConfig.DevicePolicy = "closed";  # only allow /dev/{null,zero,full,random,urandom}
-      mountConfig.DeviceAllow = "/dev/fuse";
-      # mount.mountConfig.RestrictNamespaces = true;  #< my sshfs sandboxing uses bwrap
-    }];
-  };
-in
-lib.mkMerge [
-  (ifSshAuthorized (remoteHome "crappy" {}))
-  (ifSshAuthorized (remoteHome "desko" {}))
-  (ifSshAuthorized (remoteHome "lappy" {}))
-  (ifSshAuthorized (remoteHome "moby" { host = "moby-hn"; }))
-  (ifSshAuthorized (remoteHome "servo" {}))
-]
--- a/hosts/common/fs/remote-servo.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/fs/remote-servo.nix
@@ -1,134 +0,0 @@
-{ config, lib, utils, ... }:
-let
-  fsOpts = import ./fs-opts.nix;
-  commonOptions = fsOpts.ftp ++ fsOpts.noauto;
-  mountpoint = "/mnt/.servo_ftp";
-  systemdName = utils.escapeSystemdPath mountpoint;
-  device = "curlftpfs#ftp://servo-hn:/";
-  fsType = "fuse3";
-  options = commonOptions ++ [
-    # systemd (or maybe fuse?) swallows stderr of mount units with no obvious fix.
-    # instead, use this flag to log the mount output to disk
-    "stderr_path=/var/log/curlftpfs/servo-hn.stderr"
-  ];
-
-  remoteServo = subdir: let
-    systemdBindName = utils.escapeSystemdPath "/mnt/servo/${subdir}";
-  in {
-    # sane.fs."/mnt/servo/${subdir}".mount.bind = "/mnt/.servo_ftp/${subdir}";
-    systemd.mounts = [{
-      where = "/mnt/servo/${subdir}";
-      what = "/mnt/.servo_ftp/${subdir}";
-      options = "bind,nofail";
-      type = "auto";
-
-      after = [ "${systemdName}.mount" ];
-      upheldBy = [ "${systemdName}.mount" ];  #< start this mount whenever the underlying becomes available
-      bindsTo = [ "${systemdName}.mount" ];  #< stop this mount whenever the underlying disappears
-    }];
-  };
-in
-lib.mkMerge [
-  {
-    sane.programs.curlftpfs.enableFor.system = true;
-    system.fsPackages = [
-      config.sane.programs.curlftpfs.package
-    ];
-
-    sane.fs."/var/log/curlftpfs".dir.acl.mode = "0777";
-
-    fileSystems."/mnt/.servo_ftp" = {
-      inherit device fsType options;
-      noCheck = true;
-    };
-    systemd.mounts = [{
-      where = mountpoint;
-      what = device;
-      type = fsType;
-      options = lib.concatStringsSep "," options;
-      wantedBy = [ "default.target" ];
-      after = [ "network-online.target" ];
-      requires = [ "network-online.target" ];
-
-      #VVV patch so that when the mount fails, we start a timer to remount it.
-      #    and for a disconnection after a good mount (onSuccess), restart the timer to be more aggressive
-      unitConfig.OnFailure = [ "${systemdName}.timer" ];
-      unitConfig.OnSuccess = [ "${systemdName}-restart-timer.target" ];
-
-      mountConfig.TimeoutSec = "10s";
-      mountConfig.ExecSearchPath = [ "/run/current-system/sw/bin" ];
-      mountConfig.User = "colin";
-      mountConfig.AmbientCapabilities = "CAP_SETPCAP CAP_SYS_ADMIN";
-      # hardening (systemd-analyze security mnt-servo-playground.mount)
-      mountConfig.CapabilityBoundingSet = "CAP_SETPCAP CAP_SYS_ADMIN";
-      mountConfig.LockPersonality = true;
-      mountConfig.MemoryDenyWriteExecute = true;
-      mountConfig.NoNewPrivileges = true;
-      mountConfig.ProtectClock = true;
-      mountConfig.ProtectHostname = true;
-      mountConfig.RemoveIPC = true;
-      mountConfig.RestrictAddressFamilies = "AF_UNIX AF_INET AF_INET6";
-      #VVV this includes anything it reads from, e.g. /bin/sh; /nix/store/...
-      # see `systemd-analyze filesystems` for a full list
-      mountConfig.RestrictFileSystems = "@common-block @basic-api fuse";
-      mountConfig.RestrictRealtime = true;
-      mountConfig.RestrictSUIDSGID = true;
-      mountConfig.SystemCallArchitectures = "native";
-      mountConfig.SystemCallFilter = [
-        "@system-service"
-        "@mount"
-        "~@chown"
-        "~@cpu-emulation"
-        "~@keyring"
-        # could remove almost all io calls, however one has to keep `open`, and `write`, to communicate with the fuse device.
-        # so that's pretty useless as a way to prevent write access
-      ];
-      mountConfig.IPAddressDeny = "any";
-      mountConfig.IPAddressAllow = "10.0.10.5";
-      mountConfig.DevicePolicy = "closed";  # only allow /dev/{null,zero,full,random,urandom}
-      mountConfig.DeviceAllow = "/dev/fuse";
-      # mountConfig.RestrictNamespaces = true;
-    }];
-
-    systemd.targets."${systemdName}-restart-timer" = {
-      # hack unit which, when started, stops the timer (if running), and then starts it again.
-      after = [ "${systemdName}.timer" ];
-      conflicts = [ "${systemdName}.timer" ];
-      upholds = [ "${systemdName}.timer" ];
-      unitConfig.StopWhenUnneeded = true;
-    };
-    systemd.timers."${systemdName}" = {
-      timerConfig.Unit = "${systemdName}.mount";
-      timerConfig.AccuracySec = "2s";
-      timerConfig.OnActiveSec = [
-        # try to remount at these timestamps, backing off gradually
-        # there seems to be an implicit mount attempt at t=0.
-        "10s"
-        "30s"
-        "60s"
-        "120s"
-      ];
-      # cap the backoff to a fixed interval.
-      timerConfig.OnUnitActiveSec = [ "120s" ];
-    };
-  }
-
-  # this granularity of servo media mounts is necessary to support sandboxing. consider:
-  #   1. servo offline
-  #   2. launch a long-running app
-  #   3. servo comes online
-  # in order for the servo mount to be propagated into the app's namespace, we need to bind
-  # the root mountpoint into the app namespace. if we wish to only grant the app selective access
-  # to servo, we must create *multiple* mountpoints: /mnt/servo/FOO directories which always exist,
-  # and are individually bound to /mnt/.servo_ftp/FOO as the latter becomes available.
-  (remoteServo "media/archive")
-  (remoteServo "media/Books")
-  (remoteServo "media/collections")
-  # (remoteServo "media/datasets")
-  (remoteServo "media/games")
-  (remoteServo "media/Music")
-  (remoteServo "media/Pictures/macros")
-  (remoteServo "media/torrents")
-  (remoteServo "media/Videos")
-  (remoteServo "playground")
-]
--- a/hosts/common/home/fs.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/home/fs.nix
@@ -6,17 +6,16 @@
    "dev"
    "ref"
    "use"
-    "Books/Audiobooks"
-    "Books/Books"
-    "Books/Visual"
    "Books/local"
    "Music"
-  ];

-  sane.user.persist.byStore.ephemeral = [
-    # this is persisted simply to save on RAM. mesa_shader_cache is < 10 MB per boot.
+    # these are persisted simply to save on RAM.
+    # ~/.cache/nix can become several GB.
+    # mesa_shader_cache is < 10 MB.
+    # TODO: integrate with sane.programs.sandbox?
+    ".cache/mesa_shader_cache"
+    ".cache/nix"
  ];
-
  sane.user.persist.byStore.private = [
    "archive"
    "Pictures/albums"
@@ -29,43 +28,15 @@

    "knowledge"
    "Videos/local"
-
-    # TODO: pre-compile mesa shaders, and then run in read-only mode?
-    # mesa shader cache can be configured with e.g.:
-    # - MESA_SHADER_CACHE_DISABLE=true
-    # - MESA_SHADER_CACHE_DIR=/path/to/cache_db
-    # - MESA_DISK_CACHE_SINGLE_FILE=1  (in which case default cache file is ~/.cache/mesa_shader_cache_sf)
-    # - MESA_DISK_CACHE_MULTI_FILE=1  (in which case default cache dir is ~/.cache/mesa_shader_cache)
-    # - MESA_DISK_CACHE_READ_ONLY_FOZ_DBS=foo,bar
-    #   - to use read-only mesa caches, one from foo.db the other bar.db
-    # - MESA_DISK_CACHE_READ_ONLY_FOZ_DBS_DYNAMIC_LIST=/path/to/txt
-    #   - where /path/to/txt contains a list of names which represent read-only caches
-    #   - allows to change the cache providers w/o having to update variables
-    #
-    # see also: <https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/shader-db>
-    # - database of common shaders (gtk4, chromium, etc) & instructions to compile for any arch
-    # see also: <https://github.com/ValveSoftware/Fossilize>
-    #   which may help in generating readonly cache files
-    #
-    # for now, mesa shader cache is persisted because some programs *greatly* benefit from it.
-    # esp gnome-contacts has a first-launch bug where it shows a misleading warning if shaders take too long to compile,
-    # so we persist to private instead of ephemeral.
-    ".cache/mesa_shader_cache_db"
  ];

  # convenience
  sane.user.fs = let
    persistEnabled = config.sane.persist.enable;
  in {
-    ".persist/private" = lib.mkIf persistEnabled {
-       symlink.target = "${config.sane.persist.stores.private.origin}/home/${config.sane.defaultUser}";
-    };
-    ".persist/plaintext" = lib.mkIf persistEnabled {
-       symlink.target = "${config.sane.persist.stores.plaintext.origin}/home/${config.sane.defaultUser}";
-    };
-    ".persist/ephemeral" = lib.mkIf persistEnabled {
-       symlink.target = "${config.sane.persist.stores.ephemeral.origin}/home/${config.sane.defaultUser}";
-    };
+    ".persist/private" = lib.mkIf persistEnabled { symlink.target = config.sane.persist.stores.private.origin; };
+    ".persist/plaintext" = lib.mkIf persistEnabled { symlink.target = config.sane.persist.stores.plaintext.origin; };
+    ".persist/ephemeral" = lib.mkIf persistEnabled { symlink.target = config.sane.persist.stores.ephemeral.origin; };

    "nixos".symlink.target = "dev/nixos";

--- a/hosts/common/home/mime.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/home/mime.nix
@@ -53,24 +53,19 @@ let
      (p: builtins.toString p.package)
      (enabledProgramsWithPackage ++ [ { package=mimeappsListPkg; } ]);
  }).overrideAttrs (orig: {
-    # like normal symlinkJoin, but don't error if the path doesn't exist.
-    # additionally, remove `DBusActivatable=true` from any .desktop files encountered;
-    # my dbus session is sandboxed such that it can't activate services even if i thought that was a good idea.
+    # like normal symlinkJoin, but don't error if the path doesn't exist
    buildCommand = ''
      mkdir -p $out/share/applications
      for i in $(cat $pathsPath); do
        if [ -e "$i/share/applications" ]; then
-          local files=($(cd "$i/share/applications"; ls .))
-          for f in "''${files[@]}"; do
-            sed '/DBusActivatable=true/d' $i/share/applications/$f > $out/share/applications/$f
-          done
+          ${pkgs.buildPackages.xorg.lndir}/bin/lndir -silent $i/share/applications $out/share/applications
        fi
      done
      runHook postBuild
    '';
    postBuild = ''
      # rebuild `mimeinfo.cache`, used by file openers to show the list of *all* apps, not just the user's defaults.
-      ${lib.getExe' pkgs.buildPackages.desktop-file-utils "update-desktop-database"} $out/share/applications
+      ${pkgs.buildPackages.desktop-file-utils}/bin/update-desktop-database $out/share/applications
    '';
  });

--- a/hosts/common/ids.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/ids.nix
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 {
  # partially supported in nixpkgs  <repo:nixos/nixpkgs:nixos/modules/misc/ids.nix>
  sane.ids.networkmanager.uid = 57;  #< nixpkgs unofficially reserves this, to match networkmanager's gid
-  sane.ids.mediatomb.uid = 187;  # <repo:nixos/nixpkgs:nixos/modules/misc/ids.nix>

  # legacy servo users, some are inconvenient to migrate
  sane.ids.dhcpcd.gid = 991;
@@ -46,8 +45,8 @@
  sane.ids.pict-rs.gid = 2409;
  sane.ids.sftpgo.uid = 2410;
  sane.ids.sftpgo.gid = 2410;
-  sane.ids.hickory-dns.uid = 2411;  #< previously "trust-dns"
-  sane.ids.hickory-dns.gid = 2411;  #< previously "trust-dns"
+  sane.ids.trust-dns.uid = 2411;
+  sane.ids.trust-dns.gid = 2411;
  sane.ids.export.gid = 2412;
  sane.ids.nfsuser.uid = 2413;
  sane.ids.media.gid = 2414;
@@ -82,13 +81,6 @@
  sane.ids.wireshark.gid = 2006;
  sane.ids.nixremote.uid = 2007;
  sane.ids.nixremote.gid = 2007;
-  sane.ids.unbound.uid = 2008;
-  sane.ids.unbound.gid = 2008;
-  sane.ids.resolvconf.gid = 2009;
-  sane.ids.smartd.uid = 2010;
-  sane.ids.smartd.gid = 2010;
-  sane.ids.radicale.uid = 2011;
-  sane.ids.radicale.gid = 2011;

  # found on graphical hosts
  sane.ids.nm-iodine.uid = 2101;  # desko/moby/lappy
--- a/hosts/common/net/default.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/net/default.nix
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
-{ ... }:
+{ lib, ... }:

 {
  imports = [
-    ./dns
+    ./dns.nix
    ./hostnames.nix
    ./modemmanager.nix
    ./networkmanager.nix
-    ./ntp.nix
    ./upnp.nix
    ./vpn.nix
  ];
--- a/hosts/common/net/dns/default.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/net/dns/default.nix
@@ -20,13 +20,36 @@
 # - each namespace may use a different /etc/resolv.conf to specify different DNS servers
 # - nscd breaks namespacing: the host nscd is unaware of the guest's /etc/resolv.conf, and so directs the guest's DNS requests to the host's servers.
 #   - this is fixed by either removing `/var/run/nscd/socket` from the namespace, or disabling nscd altogether.
-{ config, pkgs, ... }:
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
+lib.mkMerge [
 {
-  imports = [
-    ./hickory-dns.nix
-    ./unbound.nix
+  sane.services.trust-dns.enable = lib.mkDefault config.sane.services.trust-dns.asSystemResolver;
+  sane.services.trust-dns.asSystemResolver = lib.mkDefault true;
+}
+(lib.mkIf (!config.sane.services.trust-dns.asSystemResolver) {
+  # use systemd's stub resolver.
+  # /etc/resolv.conf isn't sophisticated enough to use different servers per net namespace (or link).
+  # instead, running the stub resolver on a known address in the root ns lets us rewrite packets
+  # in servo's ovnps namespace to use the provider's DNS resolvers.
+  # a weakness is we can only query 1 NS at a time (unless we were to clone the packets?)
+  # TODO: improve trust-dns recursive resolver and then remove this
+  services.resolved.enable = true;  #< to disable, set ` = lib.mkForce false`, as other systemd features default to enabling `resolved`.
+  # without DNSSEC:
+  # - dig matrix.org => works
+  # - curl https://matrix.org => works
+  # with default DNSSEC:
+  # - dig matrix.org => works
+  # - curl https://matrix.org => fails
+  # i don't know why. this might somehow be interfering with the DNS run on this device (trust-dns)
+  services.resolved.dnssec = "false";
+  networking.nameservers = [
+    # use systemd-resolved resolver
+    # full resolver (which understands /etc/hosts) lives on 127.0.0.53
+    # stub resolver (just forwards upstream) lives on 127.0.0.54
+    "127.0.0.53"
  ];
-
+})
+{
  # nscd -- the Name Service Caching Daemon -- caches DNS query responses
  # in a way that's unaware of my VPN routing, so routes are frequently poor against
  # services which advertise different IPs based on geolocation.
@@ -49,10 +72,9 @@
  services.nscd.enable = false;
  # system.nssModules = lib.mkForce [];
  sane.silencedAssertions = [''.*Loading NSS modules from system.nssModules.*requires services.nscd.enable being set to true.*''];
-
  # add NSS modules into their own subdirectory.
  # then i can add just the NSS modules library path to the global LD_LIBRARY_PATH, rather than ALL of /run/current-system/sw/lib.
-  # TODO: i'm doing this so as to achieve mdns DNS resolution (avahi). it would be better to just have hickory-dns delegate .local to avahi
+  # TODO: i'm doing this so as to achieve mdns DNS resolution (avahi). it would be better to just have trust-dns delegate .local to avahi
  #   (except avahi doesn't act as a local resolver over DNS protocol -- only dbus).
  environment.systemPackages = [(pkgs.symlinkJoin {
    name = "nss-modules";
@@ -68,3 +90,4 @@
  environment.variables.LD_LIBRARY_PATH = [ "/run/current-system/sw/lib/nss" ];
  systemd.globalEnvironment.LD_LIBRARY_PATH = "/run/current-system/sw/lib/nss";  #< specifically for `geoclue.service`
 }
+]
--- a/hosts/common/net/dns/hickory-dns.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/net/dns/hickory-dns.nix
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-{ config, lib, ... }:
-lib.mkIf false  #< XXX(2024-10-xx): hickory-dns recursive resolution is too immature; switched to `unbound`
-(lib.mkMerge [
- {
-   sane.services.hickory-dns.enable = lib.mkDefault config.sane.services.hickory-dns.asSystemResolver;
-   # sane.services.hickory-dns.asSystemResolver = lib.mkDefault true;
- }
- (lib.mkIf (!config.sane.services.hickory-dns.asSystemResolver && config.sane.services.hickory-dns.enable) {
-   # use systemd's stub resolver.
-   # /etc/resolv.conf isn't sophisticated enough to use different servers per net namespace (or link).
-   # instead, running the stub resolver on a known address in the root ns lets us rewrite packets
-   # in servo's ovnps namespace to use the provider's DNS resolvers.
-   # a weakness is we can only query 1 NS at a time (unless we were to clone the packets?)
-   # TODO: improve hickory-dns recursive resolver and then remove this
-   services.resolved.enable = true;  #< to disable, set ` = lib.mkForce false`, as other systemd features default to enabling `resolved`.
-   # without DNSSEC:
-   # - dig matrix.org => works
-   # - curl https://matrix.org => works
-   # with default DNSSEC:
-   # - dig matrix.org => works
-   # - curl https://matrix.org => fails
-   # i don't know why. this might somehow be interfering with the DNS run on this device (hickory-dns)
-   services.resolved.dnssec = "false";
-   networking.nameservers = [
-     # use systemd-resolved resolver
-     # full resolver (which understands /etc/hosts) lives on 127.0.0.53
-     # stub resolver (just forwards upstream) lives on 127.0.0.54
-     "127.0.0.53"
-   ];
- })
-])
--- a/hosts/common/net/dns/unbound.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/net/dns/unbound.nix
@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-# `man unbound.conf` for info on settings
-# it's REALLY EASY to combine settings in a way that produce bad effects.
-# generally, prefer to stay close to defaults unless there's a compelling reason to differ.
-{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }: {
-  config = lib.mkIf (!config.sane.services.hickory-dns.asSystemResolver) {
-    services.resolved.enable = lib.mkForce false;
-
-    networking.nameservers = [
-      # be compatible with systemd-resolved
-      # "127.0.0.53"
-      # or don't be compatible with systemd-resolved, but with libc and pasta instead
-      #   see <pkgs/by-name/sane-scripts/src/sane-vpn>
-      "127.0.0.1"
-      # enable IPv6, or don't, because having just a single name server makes monkey-patching it easier
-      # "::1"
-    ];
-    networking.resolvconf.extraConfig = ''
-      # DNS serviced by `unbound` recursive resolver
-      name_servers='127.0.0.1'
-    '';
-
-    # resolve DNS recursively with Unbound.
-    services.unbound.enable = lib.mkDefault true;
-    services.unbound.resolveLocalQueries = false;  #< disable, so that i can manage networking.nameservers manually
-    services.unbound.settings.server.interface = [ "127.0.0.1" ];
-    services.unbound.settings.server.access-control = [ "127.0.0.0/8 allow" ];
-
-    # allow control via `unbound-control`. user must be a member of the `unbound` Unix group.
-    services.unbound.localControlSocketPath = "/run/unbound/unbound.ctl";
-
-    # exempt `pool.ntp.org` from DNSSEC checks to avoid a circular dependency between DNS resolution and NTP.
-    # without this, if the RTC fails, then both time and DNS are unrecoverable.
-    services.unbound.settings.server.domain-insecure = config.networking.timeServers;
-
-    # XXX(2024-12-03): BUG: during boot (before network is up), or during network blips, Unbound will
-    # receive a query, fail to evaluate it, and then resolve future identical queries with a no-answers response for the next ~15m.
-    # this *appears* to be some bug in Unbound's "infra-cache", as evidenced by `unbound-control flush_infra all`.
-    #
-    # the infra cache is a per-nameserver liveness and latency cache which Unbound uses to decide which of N applicable nameservers to route a given query to.
-    #
-    # there is apparently NO simple solution.
-    # the closest fix is to reduce the TTL of the infra-cache (`infra-host-ttl`) so as to limit the duration of this error.
-    # tried, but failed fixes:
-    # - server.harden-dnssec-stripped = false
-    # - services.unbound.enableRootTrustAnchor = false;  #< disable DNSSEC
-    #   - server.trust-anchor-file = "${pkgs.dns-root-data}/root.key";  #< hardcode root keys instead of dynamically probing them
-    # - server.disable-dnssec-lame-check = true;
-    # - server.infra-keep-probing = true;  #< if unbound fails to reach a host (NS), it by default *does not try again* for 900s. keep-probing tells it to keep trying, with a backoff.
-    # - server.infra-cache-min-rtt = 1000;
-    # - server.infra-cache-max-rtt = 1000;
-    #
-    # see also:
-    # - <https://forum.opnsense.org/index.php?topic=32852.0>
-    # - <https://unbound.docs.nlnetlabs.nl/en/latest/reference/history/info-timeout-server-selection.html>
-    #
-    services.unbound.settings.server.infra-host-ttl = 30;  #< cache each NS's liveness for a max of 30s
-
-    # perf tuning; see: <https://unbound.docs.nlnetlabs.nl/en/latest/topics/core/performance.html>
-    # resource usage:
-    # - defaults (num-threads = 1; so-{rcvbuf,sndbuf} = 0, prefetch = false): 12.7M memory usage
-    # - num-threads = 2: 17.2M memory usage
-    # - num-threads = 4: 26.2M memory usage
-    # - num-threads = 4; so-{rcvbuf,sndbuf}=4m: 26.7M memory usage
-    # - prefetch = true: no increased memory; supposed 10% increase in traffic
-    #
-    # # i suspect most operations are async; the only serialized bits are either CPU or possibly local IO (i.e. syscalls to write sockets).
-    # # threading is probably only rarely helpful
-    # services.unbound.settings.server.num-threads = 4;
-    #
-    # higher so-rcvbuf means less likely to drop client queries...
-    # default is `cat /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default`, i.e. 208k
-    # services.unbound.settings.server.so-rcvbuf = "1m";
-    # services.unbound.settings.server.so-sndbuf = "1m";
-    #
-    # `prefetch`: prefetch RRs which are about to expire from the cache, to keep them primed.
-    # services.unbound.settings.server.prefetch = true;
-
-    # if a resolution fails, or takes excessively long, reply with expired cache entries
-    # see: <https://unbound.docs.nlnetlabs.nl/en/latest/topics/core/serve-stale.html#rfc-8767>
-    services.unbound.settings.server.serve-expired = true;
-    services.unbound.settings.server.serve-expired-ttl = 86400;  #< don't serve any records more outdated than this
-    services.unbound.settings.server.serve-expired-client-timeout = 2800;  #< only serve expired records if the client has been waiting this long, ms
-
-    # `cache-max-negative-ttl`: intended to limit damage during networking flakes, but instead seems to cause unbound to cache error responses it *wouldn't* otherwise cache
-    # services.unbound.settings.server.cache-max-negative-ttl = 60;
-
-    # `user-caps-for-id`: randomizes casing to avoid spoofing, but causes unbound to reply with no results to queries after boot (likely a infra-cache issue)
-    # services.unbound.settings.server.use-caps-for-id = true;
-  };
-}
-
--- a/hosts/common/net/modemmanager.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/net/modemmanager.nix
@@ -37,11 +37,7 @@
    # serviceConfig.RestrictAddressFamilies = "AF_NETLINK AF_UNIX AF_QIPCRTR";
    # serviceConfig.NoNewPrivileges = true;

-    serviceConfig.CapabilityBoundingSet = [
-      ""  #< reset upstream capabilities
-      "CAP_NET_ADMIN"
-      "CAP_SYS_ADMIN"  #< TODO: remove CAP_SYS_ADMIN!
-    ];
+    serviceConfig.CapabilityBoundingSet = [ "CAP_NET_ADMIN" ];  #< TODO: make sure this is *really* taking effect, and isn't supplemental to upstream's `CAP_SYS_ADMIN` setting
    serviceConfig.LockPersonality = true;
    # serviceConfig.PrivateUsers = true;  #< untried, not likely to work since it needs capabilities
    serviceConfig.PrivateTmp = true;
--- a/hosts/common/net/networkmanager.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/net/networkmanager.nix
@@ -1,5 +1,27 @@
-{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
-{
+{ config, pkgs, ... }:
+let
+  # networkmanager = pkgs.networkmanager;
+  networkmanager = pkgs.networkmanager.overrideAttrs (upstream: {
+    # src = pkgs.fetchFromGitea {
+    #   domain = "git.uninsane.org";
+    #   owner = "colin";
+    #   repo = "NetworkManager";
+    #   # patched to fix polkit permissions (with `nmcli`) when NetworkManager runs as user networkmanager
+    #   rev = "dev-sane-1.48.0";
+    #   hash = "sha256-vGmOKtwVItxjYioZJlb1og3K6u9s4rcmDnjAPLBC3ao=";
+    # };
+    patches = (upstream.patches or []) ++ [
+      (pkgs.fetchpatch {
+        name = "polkit: add owner annotations to all actions";
+        url = "https://git.uninsane.org/colin/NetworkManager/commit/a01293861fa24201ffaeb84c07f1c71136c49759.patch";
+        hash = "sha256-th1/M2slo7rjkVBwETZII53Lmhyw8OMS0aT9QYI5Uvk=";
+      })
+    ];
+  });
+  # split the package into `daemon` and `nmcli` outputs, because the networkmanager *service*
+  # doesn't need `nmcli`/`nmtui` tooling
+  networkmanager-split = pkgs.networkmanager-split.override { inherit networkmanager; };
+in {
  networking.networkmanager.enable = true;
  systemd.network.wait-online.enable = false;  # systemd-networkd-wait-online.service reliably fails on lappy. docs don't match behavior. shit software.
  # plugins mostly add support for establishing different VPN connections.
@@ -14,9 +36,10 @@
  #
  # i don't use these, and notably they drag in huge dependency sets and don't cross compile well.
  # e.g. openconnect drags in webkitgtk (for SSO)!
-  networking.networkmanager.plugins = lib.mkForce [];
+  # networking.networkmanager.plugins = lib.mkForce [];
+  networking.networkmanager.enableDefaultPlugins = false;

-  networking.networkmanager.package = pkgs.networkmanager-split.daemon.overrideAttrs (upstream: {
+  networking.networkmanager.package = networkmanager-split.daemon.overrideAttrs (upstream: {
    # postPatch = (upstream.postPatch or "") + ''
    #   substituteInPlace src/{core/org.freedesktop.NetworkManager,nm-dispatcher/nm-dispatcher}.conf --replace-fail \
    #     'user="root"' 'user="networkmanager"'
@@ -25,9 +48,7 @@
      # allow the bus to owned by either root or networkmanager users
      # use the group here, that way ordinary users can be elevated to control networkmanager
      # (via e.g. `nmcli`)
-      confs=(nm-dispatcher.conf)
-      confs+=(org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.conf)
-      for f in "''${confs[@]}" ; do
+      for f in org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.conf nm-dispatcher.conf ; do
        substitute $out/share/dbus-1/system.d/$f \
          $out/share/dbus-1/system.d/networkmanager-$f \
          --replace-fail 'user="root"' 'group="networkmanager"'
@@ -45,30 +66,16 @@
    serviceConfig.User = "networkmanager";
    serviceConfig.Group = "networkmanager";
    serviceConfig.AmbientCapabilities = [
-      "CAP_KILL"  #< required, else `nmcli d disconnect blah` says "Unable to determine UID of the request"
-      "CAP_NET_ADMIN"
-      "CAP_NET_RAW"
-      "CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE"
-
      # "CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE"
-      # "CAP_SYS_MODULE"
-      # "CAP_AUDIT_WRITE"  #< allow writing to the audit log (optional)
-      # "CAP_KILL"
-    ];
-    serviceConfig.CapabilityBoundingSet = [
-      "CAP_KILL"  #< required, else `nmcli d disconnect blah` says "Unable to determine UID of the request"
      "CAP_NET_ADMIN"
      "CAP_NET_RAW"  #< required, else `libndp: ndp_sock_open: Failed to create ICMP6 socket.`
      "CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE"  #< this *does* seem to be necessary, though i don't understand why. DHCP?
-
-      # "CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE"
      # "CAP_SYS_MODULE"
      # "CAP_AUDIT_WRITE"  #< allow writing to the audit log (optional)
      # "CAP_KILL"
    ];
    serviceConfig.LockPersonality = true;
    serviceConfig.NoNewPrivileges = true;
-    serviceConfig.MemoryDenyWriteExecute = true;
    serviceConfig.PrivateDevices = true;  # remount /dev with just the basics, syscall filter to block @raw-io
    serviceConfig.PrivateIPC = true;
    serviceConfig.PrivateTmp = true;
@@ -79,11 +86,8 @@
    serviceConfig.ProtectHostname = true;  # probably not upstreamable: prevents changing hostname
    serviceConfig.ProtectKernelLogs = true;  # disable /proc/kmsg, /dev/kmsg
    serviceConfig.ProtectKernelModules = true;  # syscall filter to prevent module calls (probably not upstreamable: NM will want to load modules like `ppp`)
-    # serviceConfig.ProtectKernelTunables = true;  # causes errors/warnings when opening files in /proc/sys/net/...; also breaks IPv6 SLAAC / link-local address creation!
-    serviceConfig.ProtectProc = "invisible";
-    serviceConfig.ProcSubset = "all";
+    serviceConfig.ProtectKernelTunables = true;  # but NM might need to write /proc/sys/net/...
    serviceConfig.ProtectSystem = "strict";  # makes read-only: all but /dev, /proc, /sys.
-    serviceConfig.RemoveIPC = true;
    serviceConfig.RestrictAddressFamilies = [
      "AF_INET"
      "AF_INET6"
@@ -94,25 +98,19 @@
      # AF_BLUETOOTH ?
      # AF_BRIDGE ?
    ];
-    serviceConfig.RestrictNamespaces = true;
    serviceConfig.RestrictSUIDSGID = true;
    serviceConfig.SystemCallArchitectures = "native";  # prevents e.g. aarch64 syscalls in the event that the kernel is multi-architecture.
-    serviceConfig.SystemCallFilter = [
-      "@system-service"
-      # TODO: restrict SystemCallFilter more aggressively
-    ];
-    # TODO: restrict `DeviceAllow`
    # from earlier `landlock` sandboxing, i know it needs these directories:
    # - "/proc/net"
    # - "/proc/sys/net"
    # - "/run/NetworkManager"
-    # - "/run/systemd"  # for hickory-dns-nmhook
+    # - "/run/systemd"  # for trust-dns-nmhook
    # - "/run/udev"
    # - # "/run/wg-home.priv"
    # - "/sys/class"
    # - "/sys/devices"
    # - "/var/lib/NetworkManager"
-    # - "/var/lib/hickory-dns"  #< for hickory-dns-nmhook
+    # - "/var/lib/trust-dns"  #< for trust-dns-nmhook
    # - "/run/systemd"
  };

@@ -124,12 +122,12 @@
  # fix NetworkManager-dispatcher to actually run as a daemon,
  # and sandbox it a bit
  systemd.services.NetworkManager-dispatcher = {
-    #VVV so that /var/lib/hickory-dns will exist (the hook needs to write here).
-    # but this creates a cycle: hickory-dns-localhost > network.target > NetworkManager-dispatcher > hickory-dns-localhost.
+    #VVV so that /var/lib/trust-dns will exist (the hook needs to write here).
+    # but this creates a cycle: trust-dns-localhost > network.target > NetworkManager-dispatcher > trust-dns-localhost.
    # (seemingly) impossible to remove the network.target dep on NetworkManager-dispatcher.
-    # before would be to have the dispatcher not write hickory-dns files
-    # but rather just its own, and create a .path unit which restarts hickory-dns appropriately.
-    # after = [ "hickory-dns-localhost.service" ];
+    # beffore would be to have the dispatcher not write trust-dns files
+    # but rather just its own, and create a .path unit which restarts trust-dns appropriately.
+    # after = [ "trust-dns-localhost.service" ];
    # serviceConfig.ExecStart = [
    #   ""  # first blank line is to clear the upstream `ExecStart` field.
    #   "${cfg.package}/libexec/nm-dispatcher --persist"  # --persist is needed for it to actually run as a daemon
@@ -137,7 +135,7 @@
    # serviceConfig.Restart = "always";
    # serviceConfig.RestartSec = "1s";

-    # serviceConfig.DynamicUser = true;  #< not possible, else we lose group perms (so can't write to `hickory-dns`'s files in the nm hook)
+    # serviceConfig.DynamicUser = true;  #< not possible, else we lose group perms (so can't write to `trust-dns`'s files in the nm hook)
    serviceConfig.User = "networkmanager";  # TODO: should arguably use `DynamicUser`
    serviceConfig.Group = "networkmanager";
    serviceConfig.LockPersonality = true;
@@ -153,7 +151,7 @@
    serviceConfig.ProtectKernelLogs = true;  # disable /proc/kmsg, /dev/kmsg
    serviceConfig.ProtectKernelModules = true;  # syscall filter to prevent module calls
    serviceConfig.ProtectKernelTunables = true;
-    serviceConfig.ProtectSystem = "full";  # makes read-only: /boot, /etc/, /usr. `strict` isn't possible due to hickory-dns hook
+    serviceConfig.ProtectSystem = "full";  # makes read-only: /boot, /etc/, /usr. `strict` isn't possible due to trust-dns hook
    serviceConfig.RestrictAddressFamilies = [
      "AF_UNIX"  # required, probably for dbus or systemd connectivity
    ];
@@ -221,9 +219,7 @@
    # note that NM's resolv.conf isn't (necessarily) /etc/resolv.conf -- that is managed by nixos (via symlinking)
    main.dns = if config.services.resolved.enable then
      "systemd-resolved"
-    else if
-      (config.sane.services.hickory-dns.enable && config.sane.services.hickory-dns.asSystemResolver)
-      || (config.services.unbound.enable && config.services.unbound.resolveLocalQueries) then
+    else if config.sane.services.trust-dns.enable && config.sane.services.trust-dns.asSystemResolver then
      "none"
    else
      "internal"
@@ -265,7 +261,7 @@
  users.users.networkmanager = {
    isSystemUser = true;
    group = "networkmanager";
-    extraGroups = [ "hickory-dns" ];
+    extraGroups = [ "trust-dns" ];
  };

  # there is, unfortunately, no proper interface by which to plumb wpa_supplicant into the NixOS service, except by overlay.
--- a/hosts/common/net/ntp.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/net/ntp.nix
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-# NTP and DNS/DNSSEC have a chicken-and-egg issue:
-# - NTP needs to resolve DNS to know how to query the servers (`0.nixos.pool.ntp.org`, etc)
-# - DNS needs to have a semi-accurate clock to validate DNSSEC for resolutions
-#
-# nixos and systemd-timesyncd overcome this in the default installation by:
-# - setting `SYSTEMD_NSS_RESOLVE_VALIDATE=0` in the systemd-timesyncd.service unit file
-# - systemd nss module which plumbs that to systemd-resolved
-# that ONLY WORKS if using systemd-resolved.
-#
-# my alternative fix here is to hardcode a list of fallback NTP IP addresses, to use when DNS resolution of the primaries fails.
-#
-# lastly, the clock can be manually set:
-# - `systemctl stop systemd-timesyncd`
-# - `sudo timedatectl --adjust-system-clock set-time '2024-01-01 00:00:01 UTC'`
-# - `systemctl start systemd-timesyncd`
-#
-# XXX(2024-12-03): i fixed the NTP-DNS circularity by exempting `pool.ntp.org` from DNSSEC validation in unbound conf
-{ config, ... }:
-{
-  # services.timesyncd.servers = config.networking.timeServers;
-  # services.timesyncd.fallbackServers = [
-  #   "129.6.15.28"  # time-a-g.nist.gov
-  #   "132.163.97.1"  # time-a-wwv.nist.gov
-  #   "132.163.96.1"  # time-a-b.nist.gov
-  #   "128.138.140.44"  # utcnist.colorado.edu
-  #   "162.159.200.1"  # time.cloudflare.com
-  # ];
-
-  # more feature-complete NTP implementations exist, like `chrony`, should i ever wish to also be a NTP **server**:
-  # services.chrony.enable = true;
-  # services.chrony.enableNTS = true;
-}
--- a/hosts/common/net/upnp.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/net/upnp.nix
@@ -16,9 +16,5 @@
    ${ipset}/bin/ipset create -! upnp hash:ip,port timeout 10
    ${iptables}/bin/iptables -A OUTPUT -d 239.255.255.250/32 -p udp -m udp --dport 1900 -j SET --add-set upnp src,src --exist
    ${iptables}/bin/iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m set --match-set upnp dst,dst -j ACCEPT
-    # IPv6 ruleset. ff02::/16 means *any* link-local multicast group (so this is probably more broad than it needs to be)
-    ${ipset}/bin/ipset create -! upnp6 hash:ip,port timeout 10 family inet6
-    ${iptables}/bin/ip6tables -A OUTPUT -d ff02::/16 -p udp -m udp --dport 1900 -j SET --add-set upnp6 src,src --exist
-    ${iptables}/bin/ip6tables -A INPUT -p udp -m set --match-set upnp6 dst,dst -j ACCEPT
  '';
 }
--- a/hosts/common/net/vpn.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/net/vpn.nix
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 # - generate config @ OVPN.com
 # - copy the Address, PublicKey, Endpoint from OVPN's config

-{ config, lib, ... }:
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
 let
  # N.B.: OVPN issues each key (i.e. device) a different IP (addrV4), and requires you use it.
  # the IP it issues can be used to connect to any of their VPNs.
--- a/hosts/common/nix.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/nix.nix
@@ -64,12 +64,7 @@
    # it's an impurity that touches way more than i need and tends to cause hard-to-debug eval issues
    # when it goes wrong. should i port my `nix-shell` scripts to something more tailored to my uses
    # and then delete `nixpkgs-overlays`?
-    # "nixpkgs-overlays=/home/colin/dev/nixos/integrations/nixpkgs/nixpkgs-overlays.nix"
-    # XXX(2024-09-02): nix 2.24.4 errors when nixpkgs-overlays includes a symlink component:
-    # "error: path '/home/colin/dev' is a symlink"
-    # apparently nix has to explicitly handle symlinks in every place it might encounter them,
-    # so the fixes inside nix for this are manual and fragile. dereference it ourselves:
-    "nixpkgs-overlays=${config.sane.fs."/home/colin/dev".symlink.target}/nixos/integrations/nixpkgs/nixpkgs-overlays.nix"
+    "nixpkgs-overlays=/home/colin/dev/nixos/integrations/nixpkgs/nixpkgs-overlays.nix"
  ];

  # ensure new deployments have a source of this repo with which they can bootstrap.
--- a/hosts/common/polyunfill.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/polyunfill.nix
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ let
    # nixpkgs' pam hardcodes unix_chkpwd path to the /run/wrappers one,
    # but i don't want the wrapper, so undo that.
    # ideally i would patch this via an overlay, but pam is in the bootstrap so that forces a full rebuild.
-    postPatch = (upstream.postPatch or "") + ''
+    postPatch = (if upstream.postPatch != null then upstream.postPatch else "") + ''
      substituteInPlace modules/pam_unix/Makefile.am --replace-fail \
        "/run/wrappers/bin/unix_chkpwd" "$out/bin/unix_chkpwd"
    '';
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ in
      "userdel"
      "usermod"
      # from <repo:nixos/nixpkgs:nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd/user.nix>
-      # "systemd-user"  #< N.B.: this causes the `systemd --user` service manager to fail 224/PAM!
+      "systemd-user"  #< N.B.: this causes the `systemd --user` service manager to not be started!
    ]));
  };

@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@ in

    # nix.channel.enable: populates `/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels`, `/root/.nix-channels`, `$HOME/.nix-defexpr/channels`
    #   <repo:nixos/nixpkgs:nixos/modules/config/nix-channel.nix>
+    # TODO: may want to recreate NIX_PATH, nix.settings.nix-path
    nix.channel.enable = false;

    # environment.stub-ld: populate /lib/ld-linux.so with an object that unconditionally errors on launch,
--- a/hosts/common/programs/aerc.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/aerc.nix
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@

 {
  sane.programs.aerc = {
-    sandbox.wrapperType = "inplace";  #< /share/aerc/aerc.conf mentions (in comments) other (non-sandboxed) /share files by absolute path
+    sandbox.method = "bwrap";
+    sandbox.wrapperType = "inplace";  #< /share/aerc/aerc.conf refers to other /share files by absolute path
    sandbox.net = "clearnet";
    secrets.".config/aerc/accounts.conf" = ../../../secrets/common/aerc_accounts.conf.bin;
    mime.associations."x-scheme-handler/mailto" = "aerc.desktop";
--- a/hosts/common/programs/alacritty.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/alacritty.nix
@@ -26,9 +26,6 @@ in
      [font]
      size = ${builtins.toString cfg.config.fontSize}

-      [cursor.style]
-      blinking = "Always"
-
      [[keyboard.bindings]]
      mods = "Control"
      key = "N"
--- a/hosts/common/programs/alsa-ucm-conf/default.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/alsa-ucm-conf/default.nix
@@ -4,12 +4,43 @@ let
 in
 {
  sane.programs.alsa-ucm-conf = {
-    packageUnwrapped = pkgs.alsa-ucm-conf.overrideAttrs (base: {
-      meta = (base.meta or {}) // {
-        # let the other alsa ucm packages override configs from this one
-        priority = ((base.meta or {}).priority or 10) + 20;
+    configOption = with lib; mkOption {
+      default = {};
+      type = types.submodule {
+        options.preferEarpiece = mkOption {
+          type = types.bool;
+          default = true;
+        };
      };
-    });
+    };
+
+    # upstream alsa ships with PinePhone audio configs, but they don't actually produce sound.
+    # - still true as of 2024-05-26
+    # - see: <https://github.com/alsa-project/alsa-ucm-conf/pull/134>
+    #
+    # we can substitute working UCM conf in two ways:
+    # 1. nixpkgs' override for the `alsa-ucm-conf` package
+    #   - that forces a rebuild of ~500 packages (including webkitgtk).
+    # 2. set ALSA_CONFIG_UCM2 = /path/to/ucm2 in the relevant places
+    #   - e.g. pulsewire service.
+    #   - easy to miss places, though.
+    #
+    # alsa-ucm-pinephone-manjaro (2024-05-26):
+    # - headphones work
+    # - "internal earpiece" works
+    # - "internal speaker" is silent (maybe hardware issue)
+    # - 3.5mm connection is flapping when playing to my car, which eventually breaks audio and requires restarting wireplumber
+    # packageUnwrapped = pkgs.alsa-ucm-pinephone-manjaro.override {
+    #   inherit (cfg.config) preferEarpiece;
+    # };
+    # alsa-ucm-pinephone-pmos (2024-05-26):
+    # - headphones work
+    # - "internal earpiece" works
+    # - "internal speaker" is silent (maybe hardware issue)
+    packageUnwrapped = pkgs.alsa-ucm-pinephone-pmos.override {
+      inherit (cfg.config) preferEarpiece;
+    };
+
    sandbox.enable = false;  #< only provides $out/share/alsa

    # alsa-lib package only looks in its $out/share/alsa to find runtime config data, by default.
@@ -17,8 +48,6 @@ in
    # this is particularly needed by wireplumber;
    #   also *maybe* pipewire and pipewire-pulse.
    # taken from <repo:nixos/mobile-nixos:modules/quirks/audio.nix>
-    # the other option is to `override` pkgs.alsa-ucm-conf,
-    # but that triggers 500+ rebuilds
    env.ALSA_CONFIG_UCM2 = "/run/current-system/sw/share/alsa/ucm2";

    enableFor.system = lib.mkIf (builtins.any (en: en) (builtins.attrValues cfg.enableFor.user)) true;
--- a/hosts/common/programs/animatch.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/animatch.nix
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@

    buildCost = 1;

+    sandbox.method = "bwrap";
    sandbox.whitelistWayland = true;

    persist.byStore.plaintext = [
--- a/hosts/common/programs/assorted.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/assorted.nix
--- a/hosts/common/programs/audacity.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/audacity.nix
@@ -6,22 +6,17 @@
 { pkgs, ... }:
 {
  sane.programs.audacity = {
-    packageUnwrapped = (pkgs.audacity.override {
+    packageUnwrapped = pkgs.audacity.override {
      # wxGTK32 uses webkitgtk-4.0.
      # audacity doesn't actually need webkit though, so diable to reduce closure
      wxGTK32 = pkgs.wxGTK32.override {
        withWebKit = false;
      };
-    }).overrideAttrs (base: {
-      # upstream audacity.desktop specifies GDK_BACKEND=x11, with which it doesn't actually launch :|
-      postInstall = (base.postInstall or "") + ''
-        substituteInPlace $out/share/applications/audacity.desktop \
-          --replace-fail 'GDK_BACKEND=x11 ' ""
-      '';
-    });
+    };

    buildCost = 1;

+    sandbox.method = "bwrap";
    sandbox.whitelistAudio = true;
    sandbox.whitelistWayland = true;
    sandbox.autodetectCliPaths = "existingFile";
--- a/hosts/common/programs/ausyscall.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/ausyscall.nix
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  sane.programs.ausyscall = {
    packageUnwrapped = pkgs.linkBinIntoOwnPackage pkgs.audit "ausyscall";

+    sandbox.method = "landlock";
  };
 }

--- a/hosts/common/programs/avahi.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/avahi.nix
@@ -11,15 +11,12 @@
 #   nss-mdns goes through avahi-daemon, so there IS caching here
 #
 { config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
-let
-  cfg = config.sane.programs.avahi;
-in
 {
  sane.programs.avahi = {
    packageUnwrapped = pkgs.avahi.overrideAttrs (upstream: {
      # avahi wants to do its own sandboxing opaque to systemd & maybe in conflict with my bwrap.
      # --no-drop-root disables that, so that i can e.g. run it as User=avahi, etc.
-      # do this here, because the nixos service isn't so easily patched.
+      # do this here, because the service isn't so easily patched.
      postInstall = (upstream.postInstall or "") + ''
        wrapProgram "$out/sbin/avahi-daemon" \
          --add-flags --no-drop-root
@@ -28,14 +25,16 @@ in
        pkgs.makeBinaryWrapper
      ];
    });
+    sandbox.method = "bwrap";
    sandbox.whitelistDbus = [ "system" ];
    sandbox.net = "all";  #< otherwise it will show 'null' in place of each interface name.
-    # sandbox.extraPaths = [ ];  #< may be missing some paths; only tried service discovery, not service advertisement.
+    sandbox.extraPaths = [
+      "/"  #< TODO: decrease this, but be weary that the daemon might exit immediately
+    ];
  };
-
-  services.avahi = lib.mkIf cfg.enabled {
+  services.avahi = lib.mkIf config.sane.programs.avahi.enabled {
    enable = true;
-    package = cfg.packageUnwrapped;  #< use systemd sandboxing... not my own
+    package = config.sane.programs.avahi.package;
    publish.enable = true;
    publish.userServices = true;
    nssmdns4 = true;
@@ -54,26 +53,39 @@ in
    ];
  };

-  # fix "rpfilter drop ..." dmesg logspam.
-  # this might not be necessary?
-  networking.firewall.extraCommands = lib.mkIf cfg.enabled (with pkgs; ''
-    # after an outgoing mDNS query to the multicast address, open FW for incoming responses.
-    # ipset -! means "don't fail if set already exists"
-    ${lib.getExe' ipset "ipset"} create -! mdns hash:ip,port timeout 10
-    ${lib.getExe' iptables "iptables"} -A OUTPUT -d 239.255.255.250/32 -p udp -m udp --dport 5353 -j SET --add-set mdns src,src --exist
-    ${lib.getExe' iptables "iptables"} -A INPUT -p udp -m set --match-set mdns dst,dst -j ACCEPT
-    # IPv6 ruleset. ff02::/16 means *any* link-local multicast group (so this is probably more broad than it needs to be)
-    ${lib.getExe' ipset "ipset"} create -! mdns6 hash:ip,port timeout 10 family inet6
-    ${lib.getExe' iptables "ip6tables"} -A OUTPUT -d ff02::/16 -p udp -m udp --dport 5353 -j SET --add-set mdns6 src,src --exist
-    ${lib.getExe' iptables "ip6tables"} -A INPUT -p udp -m set --match-set mdns6 dst,dst -j ACCEPT
-  '');
-
-  systemd.services.avahi-daemon = lib.mkIf cfg.enabled {
+  systemd.services.avahi-daemon = lib.mkIf config.sane.programs.avahi.enabled {
    # hardening: see `systemd-analyze security avahi-daemon`
    serviceConfig.User = "avahi";
    serviceConfig.Group = "avahi";
    serviceConfig.AmbientCapabilities = "";
-    serviceConfig.CapabilityBoundingSet = lib.mkForce "";
-    serviceConfig.PrivateUsers = lib.mkForce true;
+    serviceConfig.CapabilityBoundingSet = "";
+    serviceConfig.LockPersonality = true;
+    serviceConfig.MemoryDenyWriteExecute = true;
+    serviceConfig.NoNewPrivileges = true;
+    serviceConfig.PrivateDevices = true;
+    serviceConfig.PrivateMounts = true;
+    serviceConfig.PrivateTmp = true;
+    serviceConfig.PrivateUsers = true;
+    serviceConfig.ProcSubset = "all";
+    serviceConfig.ProtectClock = true;
+    serviceConfig.ProtectControlGroups = true;
+    serviceConfig.ProtectHome = true;
+    serviceConfig.ProtectHostname = true;
+    serviceConfig.ProtectKernelLogs = true;
+    serviceConfig.ProtectKernelModules = true;
+    serviceConfig.ProtectKernelTunables = true;
+    serviceConfig.ProtectProc = "noaccess";
+    serviceConfig.ProtectSystem = "strict";
+    serviceConfig.RemoveIPC = true;  #< this *might* slow down the initial connection?
+    serviceConfig.RestrictAddressFamilies = "AF_UNIX AF_INET AF_INET6 AF_NETLINK";
+    serviceConfig.RestrictRealtime = true;
+    serviceConfig.RestrictSUIDSGID = true;
+    serviceConfig.SystemCallArchitectures = "native";
+    serviceConfig.SystemCallFilter = [
+      "@system-service"
+      "@mount"
+      "~@resources"
+      # "~@privileged"
+    ];
  };
 }
--- a/hosts/common/programs/bemenu.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/bemenu.nix
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ let
 in
 {
  sane.programs.bemenu = {
+    sandbox.method = "bwrap";  # landlock works, but requires *all* of $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR to be granted.
    sandbox.whitelistWayland = true;
    sandbox.extraHomePaths = [
      ".cache/fontconfig"  #< else it complains, and is *way* slower
--- a/hosts/common/programs/bitcoin-cli.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/bitcoin-cli.nix
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 {
  sane.programs.bitcoin-cli = {
    packageUnwrapped = pkgs.linkBinIntoOwnPackage pkgs.bitcoind "bitcoin-cli";
+    sandbox.method = "bwrap";
    sandbox.autodetectCliPaths = "existing";  #< for `bitcoin-cli -datadir=/var/lib/...`
    sandbox.extraHomePaths = [
      ".bitcoin/bitcoin.conf"
--- a/hosts/common/programs/blast-ugjka/blast-to-default
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/blast-ugjka/blast-to-default
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env nix-shell
-#!nix-shell -i python3 -p python3 -p sblast
+#!nix-shell -i python3 -p blast-ugjka -p python3
 # vim: set filetype=python :

 import logging
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class BlastDriver:
    def __init__(self, blast_flags: list[str] = []):
        self.ranked_ips = get_ranked_ip_addrs()
        self.blast = subprocess.Popen(
-            ["sblast", "-source", "blast.monitor"] + blast_flags,
+            ["blast", "-source", "blast.monitor"] + blast_flags,
            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
            stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ def try_blast(*args, **kwargs) -> BlastDriver | None:
    if status == Status.RedoWithFlags:
        dev = blast.receiver_names[0]
        blast_flags = DEVICE_MAP[dev]
-        logger.info("re-exec sblast for %s with flags: %r", dev, blast_flags)
+        logger.info("re-exec blast for %s with flags: %r", dev, blast_flags)
        blast.blast.terminate()
        return try_blast(blast_flags=blast_flags)
    elif status == Status.Error:
--- a/hosts/common/programs/blast-ugjka/default.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/blast-ugjka/default.nix
@@ -20,10 +20,11 @@
 #   - `-mime audio/ac3 -format ac3`: FAILS
 { config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
 let
-  cfg = config.sane.programs.sblast;
+  cfg = config.sane.programs.blast-ugjka;
 in
 {
-  sane.programs.sblast = {
+  sane.programs.blast-ugjka = {
+    sandbox.method = "bwrap";
    sandbox.whitelistAudio = true;
    sandbox.net = "clearnet";
  };
@@ -32,15 +33,16 @@ in
    # helper to deal with blast's interactive CLI
    packageUnwrapped = pkgs.static-nix-shell.mkPython3 {
      pname = "blast-to-default";
-      pkgs = [ "sblast" ];
+      pkgs = [ "blast-ugjka" ];
      srcRoot = ./.;
    };
+    sandbox.method = "bwrap";
    sandbox.whitelistAudio = true;
    sandbox.net = "clearnet";
    #v  else it fails to reap its children (or, maybe, it fails to hook its parent's death signal?)
    #v  might be possible to remove this, but kinda hard to see a clean way.
-    sandbox.keepPidsAndProc = true;
-    suggestedPrograms = [ "sane-die-with-parent" "sblast" ];
+    sandbox.isolatePids = false;
+    suggestedPrograms = [ "blast-ugjka" "sane-die-with-parent" ];
  };

  networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = lib.mkIf cfg.enabled [ 9000 ];
--- a/hosts/common/programs/bonsai.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/bonsai.nix
@@ -1,7 +1,93 @@
 # bonsai docs: <https://sr.ht/~stacyharper/bonsai/>
-{ config, lib, options, pkgs, ... }:
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
 let
  cfg = config.sane.programs.bonsai;
+
+  delayType = with lib; types.submodule {
+    options = {
+      type = mkOption {
+        type = types.enum [ "delay" ];
+        # default = "delay";
+      };
+      delay_duration = mkOption {
+        type = types.int;
+        description = ''
+          used for "delay" types only.
+          nanoseconds until the event is finalized.
+        '';
+      };
+      transitions = mkOption {
+        type = types.listOf transitionType;
+        default = [];
+        description = ''
+          list of transitions out of this state (i.e. after completing the delay).
+        '';
+      };
+    };
+  };
+  eventType = with lib; types.submodule {
+    options = {
+      type = mkOption {
+        type = types.enum [ "event" ];
+        # default = "event";
+      };
+      event_name = mkOption {
+        type = types.str;
+        description = ''
+          name of event which this transition applies to.
+        '';
+      };
+      transitions = mkOption {
+        type = types.listOf transitionType;
+        default = [];
+        description = ''
+          list of transitions out of this state.
+        '';
+      };
+    };
+  };
+  execType = with lib; types.submodule {
+    options = {
+      type = mkOption {
+        type = types.enum [ "exec" ];
+        # default = "exec";
+      };
+      command = mkOption {
+        type = types.listOf types.str;
+        description = ''
+          command to run when the event is triggered.
+        '';
+      };
+      transitions = mkOption {
+        type = types.listOf transitionType;
+        default = [];
+        description = ''
+          list of transitions out of this state (i.e. after successfully executing the command)
+        '';
+      };
+    };
+  };
+  isDelay = x: delayType.check x && x.type == "delay";
+  isEvent = x: eventType.check x && x.type == "event";
+  isExec = x: execType.check x && x.type == "exec";
+  # unfortunately, `types.oneOf` is naive about submodules, so we need our own type.
+  #   transitionType = lib.types.oneOf [ delayType eventType execType ];
+  transitionType = with lib.types; mkOptionType {
+    name = "transition";
+    check = x: isDelay x || isEvent x || isExec x;
+    merge = loc: defs: let
+      defList = builtins.map (d: d.value) defs;
+    in
+      if builtins.all isDelay defList then
+        delayType.merge loc defs
+      else if builtins.all isEvent defList then
+        eventType.merge loc defs
+      else if builtins.all isExec defList then
+        execType.merge loc defs
+      else
+        mergeOneOption loc defs
+    ;
+  };
 in
 {
  sane.programs.bonsai = {
@@ -10,7 +96,7 @@ in
      type = types.submodule {
        options = {
          transitions = mkOption {
-            type = options.services.bonsaid.settings.type;
+            type = types.listOf transitionType;
            default = [];
          };
        };
@@ -25,8 +111,9 @@ in
      '';
    });

-    fs.".config/bonsai/bonsai_tree.json".symlink.target = config.services.bonsaid.configFile;
+    fs.".config/bonsai/bonsai_tree.json".symlink.target = pkgs.writers.writeJSON "bonsai_tree.json" cfg.config.transitions;

+    sandbox.method = "bwrap";
    sandbox.extraRuntimePaths = [
      "bonsai"
    ];
@@ -40,34 +127,13 @@ in
        # TODO: don't create the sway directory here!
        # i do it for now because sway and bonsai call into eachother; circular dependency:
        # - sway -> bonsai -> sane-input-handler -> swaymsg
-        mkdir -p ''${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR}/{bonsai,sway}
-        exec nice -n -11 bonsaid -t ''${HOME}/.config/bonsai/bonsai_tree.json
+        mkdir -p $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/{bonsai,sway}
+        exec nice -n -11 bonsaid -t $HOME/.config/bonsai/bonsai_tree.json
      '';
-      cleanupCommand = ''rm -f ''${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR}/bonsai/bonsai'';
+      cleanupCommand = "rm -f $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/bonsai/bonsai";
      readiness.waitExists = [
-        ''''${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR}/bonsai/bonsai''
+        "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/bonsai/bonsai"
      ];
    };
  };
-
-  # plug into the (proposed) nixpkgs bonsaid service.
-  # it's a user service, and since i don't use the service manager it doesn't actually activate:
-  # i just steal the config file generation from it :)
-  services.bonsaid.settings = lib.mkIf cfg.enabled (lib.mkMerge [
-    cfg.config.transitions
-    [{
-      type = "delay";
-      transitions = [];
-      # speculative: i've observed a hang inside bonsai (rather, hare-ev) where it
-      # attempts to read from a timer, assuming it to have expired, and the read *never* returns.
-      # i think this can happen when an `exec` and a `delay` trigger simultaneously?
-      # particularly, hare-ev does the exec action callback, during which bonsaid enters a node w/o delay and *disables* the timer, and then reading the timer hangs.
-      # if true, then adding a delay to the root node alleviates that (so long as all other nodes also have delays).
-      #
-      # long term, it may be best to move away from bonsai. aside from the above, it's really easy to get it to segfault.
-      delay_duration = 30000 * 1000000;
-    }]
-  ]);
-  # vvv not actually necessary. TODO: delete this line once the service is upstreamed?
-  services.bonsaid.enable = lib.mkIf cfg.enabled true;
 }
--- a/hosts/common/programs/brave.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/brave.nix
@@ -3,17 +3,12 @@
  sane.programs.brave = {
    # convert eval error to build failure
    packageUnwrapped = if (builtins.tryEval pkgs.brave).success then
-      pkgs.brave.overrideAttrs (upstream: {
-        # brave does crimes with `$0` which break under transparent wrapping
-        preFixup = (upstream.preFixup or "") + ''
-          substituteInPlace $out/opt/brave.com/brave/brave-browser \
-            --replace '$0' "$out/opt/brave.com/brave/brave-browser"
-        '';
-      })
+      pkgs.brave
    else
      pkgs.runCommandLocal "brave-not-supported" {} "false"
    ;
-    sandbox.wrapperType = "inplace";  #< package contains dangling symlinks which my wrapper doesn't understand
+    sandbox.method = "bwrap";
+    sandbox.wrapperType = "inplace";  # /opt/share/brave.com vendor-style packaging
    sandbox.net = "all";
    sandbox.extraHomePaths = [
      "dev"  # for developing anything web-related
--- a/hosts/common/programs/brightnessctl.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/brightnessctl.nix
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ let
 in
 {
  sane.programs.brightnessctl = {
+    sandbox.method = "landlock";  # also bwrap, but landlock is more responsive
    sandbox.extraPaths = [
      "/sys/class/backlight"
      "/sys/class/leds"
@@ -13,8 +14,8 @@ in
  };

  services.udev.extraRules = let
-    chmod = lib.getExe' pkgs.coreutils "chmod";
-    chown = lib.getExe' pkgs.coreutils "chown";
+    chmod = "${pkgs.coreutils}/bin/chmod";
+    chown = "${pkgs.coreutils}/bin/chown";
  in lib.mkIf cfg.enabled ''
    # make backlight controllable by members of `video`
    SUBSYSTEM=="backlight", RUN+="${chown} :video $sys$devpath/brightness", RUN+="${chmod} g+w $sys$devpath/brightness"
--- a/hosts/common/programs/btrfs-progs.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/btrfs-progs.nix
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-{ config, lib, ... }:
-let
-  cfg = config.sane.programs.btrfs-progs;
-in
-{
-  sane.programs.btrfs-progs = {
-    sandbox.autodetectCliPaths = "existing";  # e.g. `btrfs filesystem df /my/fs`
-    sandbox.extraPaths = [
-      "/dev/btrfs-control"
-      #vvv required for `sudo btrfs filesystem show` with no args
-      "/dev"
-      "/sys/block"
-      "/sys/dev/block"
-      "/sys/devices"
-    ];
-    sandbox.tryKeepUsers = true;
-    sandbox.capabilities = [ "sys_admin" ];  # for `btrfs scrub`
-  };
-
-  # TODO: service sandboxing
-  services.btrfs.autoScrub.enable = lib.mkIf cfg.enabled true;
-  services.btrfs.autoScrub.interval = "weekly";
-}
-
--- a/hosts/common/programs/bunpen.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/bunpen.nix
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
-let
-  cfg = config.sane.programs.bunpen;
-in
-{
-  sane.programs.bunpen = {
-    packageUnwrapped = pkgs.bunpen.overrideAttrs (base: {
-      # create a directory which holds just the `bunpen` so that we
-      # can add bunpen as a dependency to binaries via `PATH=/run/current-system/libexec/bunpen` without forcing rebuild every time bunpen changes
-      postInstall = ''
-        mkdir -p $out/libexec/bunpen
-        ln -s $out/bin/bunpen $out/libexec/bunpen/bunpen
-      '';
-    });
-    sandbox.enable = false;
-    sandbox.method = null;  #< TODO: avoids infinite recursion in the sane.programs system
-  };
-
-  environment.pathsToLink = lib.mkIf cfg.enabled [ "/libexec/bunpen" ];
-}
--- a/hosts/common/programs/callaudiod.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/callaudiod.nix
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
  sane.programs.callaudiod = {
    packageUnwrapped = pkgs.rmDbusServices pkgs.callaudiod;

+    sandbox.method = "bwrap";
    sandbox.whitelistAudio = true;
    sandbox.whitelistDbus = [ "user" ];

--- a/hosts/common/programs/calls.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/calls.nix
@@ -8,22 +8,6 @@
 # - the bot will reply with auto-generated username/password plus a SIP server endpoint.
 #   just copy those into gnome-calls' GUI configurator
 # - now gnome-calls can do outbound calls. inbound calls can be routed by messaging the bot: "configure calls"
-#
-# user guide:
-# - "Use for Calls" means, "when i click a tel: URI, use this account": <https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/calls/-/issues/513>
-# - `calls -vvv` for verbosity
-# - `SOFIA_DEBUG=9 NEA_DEBUG=9 NUA_DEBUG=9 NTA_DEBUG=9 SU_DEBUG=8 gnome-calls` to debug SIP related stuff
-#
-# LIMITATIONS, COMPATIBILITY
-# - 2024-08-20: when switching from wifi -> wwan (4g), may experience about a minute of audio loss.
-#   the call stays alive, but no sound in either direction.
-#   this appears to be ~40s of general net loss to servo-hn (NetworkManager being slow to switch the default device? wireguard being slow to refresh?),
-#   unknown how much time is lost in the upper layers (e.g. dns being refreshed)
-# - 2024-08-20: wwan -> wifi switching is (near) flawless. prefer to keep modem powered until end of call, because of audio routing, but OK to power it off.
-# - 2024-08-20: audio is not always routed to a good device when the modem is powered.
-#   solve by opening `pavucontrol`, go to "configuration" tab, change "Built-in audio" to anything and then back to "Make a phone call (Earpiece, Mic)".
-#   i expect my eg25-control-powered script messes with the audio routing.
-# - 2024-12-12: contacts are visible when evolution-data-server is enabled, however attempting to call triggers "Can't submit call with no origin"
 { config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
 let
  cfg = config.sane.programs.calls;
@@ -41,66 +25,41 @@ in
    };

    packageUnwrapped = pkgs.rmDbusServicesInPlace ((pkgs.calls.override {
-      evolution-data-server-gtk4 = pkgs.evolution-data-server-gtk4.override {
-        # drop webkitgtk_6_0 dependency.
-        # it's normally cached, but if modifying low-level deps (e.g. pipewire) it's nice to not have to rebuild it,
-        # especially since `calls` is part of `moby-min`.
-        withGtk4 = false;
-      };
-      folks = pkgs.folks.override {
-        evolution-data-server-gtk4 = pkgs.evolution-data-server-gtk4.override {
-          # drop webkitgtk_6_0 dependency.
-          withGtk4 = false;
-        };
-      };
-      sofia_sip = pkgs.sofia_sip.overrideAttrs (upstream: {
-        # use linphone's sofia_sip.
-        # Freeswitch sofia_sip has a bug where a failed DNS query will never return to the caller.
-        # see `outgoing_answer_a`: in linphone's this already calls the user's callback; in Freeswitch there's a branch which leaves the caller hanging.
-        version = "1.13.45bc-unstable-2024-08-05";
-        src = pkgs.fetchFromGitLab {
-          domain = "gitlab.linphone.org";
-          owner = "BC/public/external";
-          repo = "sofia-sip";
-          rev = "b924a57e8eeb24e8b9afc5fd0fb9b51d5993fe5d";
-          hash = "sha256-1VbKV+eAJ80IMlubNl7774B7QvLv4hE8SXANDSD9sRU=";
-        };
-      });
+      gtk3 = pkgs.gtk4;
+      libpeas = pkgs.libpeas2;
+      wrapGAppsHook3 = pkgs.wrapGAppsHook4;
    }).overrideAttrs (upstream: {
-      # src = lib.warnIf (lib.versionOlder "47.0" upstream.version) "gnome-calls outdated; remove src override? (keep UI patches though!)" pkgs.fetchFromGitLab {
-      #   domain = "gitlab.gnome.org";
-      #   owner = "GNOME";
-      #   repo = "calls";
-      #   fetchSubmodules = true;
-      #   # rev = "main";
-      #   # rev = "ff213579a52222e7c95e585843d97b5b817b2a8b";
-      #   # hash = "sha256-0QYC8FJpfg/X2lIjBDooba2idUfpJNQhcpv8Z5I/B4k=";
-      #   rev = "75c4072c4e2ba8619c8067703fb65fe622af8b42";
-      #   hash = "sha256-99B1GS2IXt3per8XnbBRCTChlcwT3zWnhwgG1ift0QQ=";
-      # };
+      # XXX(2024-08-08): v46.3 has a bug where if it has no network connection on launch, it forever stays disconnected & never retries
+      version = "47_beta.0-unstable-2024-08-08";
+      src = lib.warnIf (lib.versionOlder "47.0" upstream.version) "gnome-calls outdated; remove src override? (keep UI patches though!)" pkgs.fetchFromGitLab {
+        domain = "gitlab.gnome.org";
+        owner = "GNOME";
+        repo = "calls";
+        fetchSubmodules = true;
+        # rev = "main";
+        rev = "ff213579a52222e7c95e585843d97b5b817b2a8b";
+        hash = "sha256-0QYC8FJpfg/X2lIjBDooba2idUfpJNQhcpv8Z5I/B4k=";
+      };

      patches = (upstream.patches or []) ++ [
        (pkgs.fetchpatch {
-          # usability improvement... ties the UI visibility to the connection state, so if the UI is gone, then i can't receive calls (and will hopefully notice that more easily!)
-          # TODO: see about a more maintainable solution:
-          # 1. create gobject-introspection bindings, then a python wrapper which binds the MainWindow and CallWindow notify::visible signals?
-          # 2. move this functionality into a gnome calls `plugin`?
-          # 3. upstream this; use the Nautilus approach of controlling behavior here with an env var?
-          # also TODO: write a nix test for this functionality so that it doesn't break during an upgrade!
-          url = "https://git.uninsane.org/colin/gnome-calls/commit/88dbe108a8cf82f9c0766c310218902a8a2a7cd5.patch";
+          # usability improvement... if the UI is visible, then i can receive calls. otherwise, i can't!
+          url = "https://git.uninsane.org/colin/gnome-calls/commit/a19166d85927e59662fae189a780eed18bf876ce.patch";
          name = "exit on close (i.e. never daemonize)";
-          hash = "sha256-QggVM28X9A2f9SbHMMM38M4zKhjYZrTvsZoitxyczdo=";
-        })
-        (pkgs.fetchpatch {
-          # solves the issue where flakey DNS (especially at boot) could take down call connectivity indefinitely.
-          # see: <https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/calls/-/issues/659>
-          url = "https://git.uninsane.org/colin/gnome-calls/commit/db9192a69cff2b20b5e8870e34a9b1e694a81c7f.patch";
-          name = "sip: attempt reconnection anytime network is routable, not just when routability changes";
-          hash = "sha256-agPM3XKXiP5Rxrl26DNA+pnhEPTBEBQBxZe3CoptgII=";
+          hash = "sha256-NoVQV2TlkCcsBt0uwSyK82hBKySUW4pADrJVfLFvWgU=";
        })
      ];
+
+      nativeBuildInputs = upstream.nativeBuildInputs ++ [
+        pkgs.dbus  #< for dbus-run-session (should be test only, but it's not)
+      ];
+
+      buildInputs = upstream.buildInputs ++ [
+        pkgs.libadwaita
+      ];
    }));

+    sandbox.method = "bwrap";
    sandbox.net = "vpn.wg-home";  #< XXX(2024/07/05): my cell carrier seems to block RTP, so tunnel it.
    sandbox.whitelistAudio = true;
    sandbox.whitelistDbus = [ "user" ];  # necessary for secrets, at the minimum
@@ -110,20 +69,16 @@ in
      # ".cache/folks"      # contact avatars?
      # ".config/calls"
      ".local/share/calls"  # call "records"
-      # .local/share/folks  # contacts  (e.g. `.local/share/folks/relationships.ini` with gsetting org/freedesktop/folks/primary-store='key-file'
+      # .local/share/folks  # contacts?
    ];
    # this is only the username/endpoint: the actual password appears to be stored in gnome-keyring
    secrets.".config/calls/sip-account.cfg" = ../../../secrets/common/gnome_calls_sip-account.cfg.bin;
    suggestedPrograms = [
-      "callaudiod"  # runtime dependency (optional; without this the mute and speaker buttons do not work (ordinarily they function by changing the GLOBAL audio config))
+      "callaudiod"  # runtime dependency (optional, but probably needed for mic muting?)
      "feedbackd"  # needs `phone-incoming-call`, in particular
      "gnome-keyring"  # to remember the password
    ];

-    mime.associations."x-scheme-handler/tel" = "org.gnome.Calls.desktop";
-    mime.associations."x-scheme-handler/sip" = "org.gnome.Calls.desktop";
-    mime.associations."x-scheme-handler/sips" = "org.gnome.Calls.desktop";
-
    services.gnome-calls = {
      description = "gnome-calls daemon to monitor incoming SIP calls";
      partOf = lib.mkIf cfg.config.autostart [ "graphical-session" ];
--- a/hosts/common/programs/capsh.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/capsh.nix
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-{ pkgs, ... }:
-{
-  sane.programs.capsh = {
-    packageUnwrapped = pkgs.linkBinIntoOwnPackage pkgs.libcap "capsh";
-    sandbox.enable = false;  #< i use `capsh` as a sandboxer.
-  };
-}
--- a/hosts/common/programs/captree.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/captree.nix
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-{ pkgs, ... }:
-{
-  sane.programs.captree = {
-    packageUnwrapped = pkgs.linkBinIntoOwnPackage pkgs.libcap-with-captree "captree";
-    sandbox.keepPidsAndProc = true;
-  };
-}
--- a/hosts/common/programs/celeste64.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/celeste64.nix
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
  sane.programs.celeste64 = {
    buildCost = 1;

+    sandbox.method = "bwrap";
    sandbox.whitelistAudio = true;
    sandbox.whitelistDri = true;
    sandbox.whitelistWayland = true;
--- a/hosts/common/programs/conky/default.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/conky/default.nix
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-{ ... }:
+{ pkgs, ... }:
 {
  sane.programs.conky = {
+    sandbox.method = "bwrap";
    sandbox.net = "clearnet";  #< for the scripts it calls (weather)
    sandbox.extraPaths = [
      "/sys/class/power_supply"
@@ -9,7 +10,6 @@
      # "/sys/devices/system"
    ];
    sandbox.whitelistWayland = true;
-    sandbox.mesaCacheDir = null;  # doesn't use mesa even though it uses wayland

    suggestedPrograms = [
      "sane-sysload"
--- a/hosts/common/programs/cozy.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/cozy.nix
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@

    buildCost = 1;

+    sandbox.method = "bwrap";  # landlock gives: _multiprocessing.SemLock: Permission Denied
    sandbox.whitelistAudio = true;
    sandbox.whitelistDbus = [ "user" ];  # mpris
    sandbox.whitelistWayland = true;
    sandbox.extraHomePaths = [
-      "Books/Audiobooks"
      "Books/local"
      "Books/servo"
    ];
--- a/hosts/common/programs/curl.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/curl.nix
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 { ... }:
 {
  sane.programs.curl = {
+    sandbox.method = "bwrap";
    sandbox.net = "all";
    sandbox.autodetectCliPaths = "parent";  #< for `-o` option
  };
--- a/hosts/common/programs/curlftpfs.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/curlftpfs.nix
@@ -2,9 +2,7 @@
 {
  sane.programs.curlftpfs = {
    packageUnwrapped = pkgs.curlftpfs-sane;
+    sandbox.method = "bwrap";
    sandbox.net = "all";
-    sandbox.autodetectCliPaths = "existing";
-    sandbox.keepPids = true;
-    sandbox.extraPaths = [ "/var/log/curlftpfs" ];
  };
 }
--- a/hosts/common/programs/dasht.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/dasht.nix
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-{ ... }:
-{
-  sane.programs.dasht = {
-    suggestedPrograms = [ "docsets" ];
-    fs.".local/share/dasht/docsets".symlink.target = "/run/current-system/sw/share/docsets";
-
-    sandbox.method = null;  #< TODO: sandbox!
-  };
-}
--- a/hosts/common/programs/dbus.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/dbus.nix
@@ -32,30 +32,23 @@ in
      '';
    });

+    sandbox.method = "bwrap";
    sandbox.extraRuntimePaths = [
-      "dbus"
+      "/"  #< it needs to create a file in the root. TODO: move the bus handle into a sandboxable subdirectory
    ];
-    sandbox.keepPids = true;   #< not actually sure *why* this is necessary, but it is
+    sandbox.isolatePids = false;   #< not actually sure *why* this is necessary, but it is

-    env.DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS = "unix:path=$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/dbus/bus";
+    env.DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS = "unix:path=$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/bus";

    # normally systemd would create a dbus session for us, but if you configure it not to do that
    # then we can create our own. not sure if there's a dependency ordering issue here: lots
    # of things depend on dbus but i don't do anything special to guarantee this is initialized
    # before them.
-    services.dbus-user = {
+    services.dbus = {
      description = "dbus user session";
      partOf = lib.mkIf cfg.config.autostart [ "default" ];
-      command = pkgs.writeShellScript "dbus-start" ''
-        # have to create the dbus directory before launching so that it's available in the sandbox
-        mkdir -p "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/dbus"
-        # XXX(2024-12-08): clear XDG_DATA_DIRS as a hack to disable dbus activation (which isn't possible when sandboxing).
-        # if it can't find the .service files, then it can't activate them!
-        # an alternative is to remove `/share/dbus-1/services` from `environment.pathsToLink`, while keeping the other /share/dbus-1
-        # items necessary for the system dbus session to operate.
-        XDG_DATA_DIRS= dbus-daemon --session --nofork --address="$DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS"
-      '';
-      readiness.waitExists = [ "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/dbus/bus" ];
+      command = "dbus-daemon --session --nofork --address=$DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS";
+      readiness.waitExists = [ "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/bus" ];
    };
  };
 }
--- a/hosts/common/programs/dconf.nix
+++ b/hosts/common/programs/dconf.nix
@@ -5,31 +5,28 @@
 { config, lib, pkgs, ... }:

 let
-  # [ ProgramConfig ]
-  enabledPrograms = builtins.filter
-    (p: p.enabled && p.gsettings != {})
-    (builtins.attrValues config.sane.programs);
-
-  sitePackages = lib.map (p: pkgs.writeTextFile {
-    name = "${p.name}-dconf";
-    destination = "/etc/dconf/db/site.d/10_${p.name}";
-    text = lib.generators.toDconfINI p.gsettings;
-  }) enabledPrograms;
-
-  profilePackage = pkgs.writeTextFile {
-    name = "dconf-user-profile";
-    destination = "/etc/dconf/profile/user";
-    text = ''
-      user-db:user
-      system-db:site
-    '';
-  };
-
  cfg = config.sane.programs.dconf;
 in
 {
  sane.programs.dconf = {
+    configOption = with lib; mkOption {
+      type = types.submodule {
+        options = {
+          site = mkOption {
+            type = types.listOf types.package;
+            default = [];
+            description = ''
+              extra packages to link into /etc/dconf
+            '';
+          };
+        };
+      };
+      default = {};
+    };
+
    packageUnwrapped = pkgs.rmDbusServicesInPlace pkgs.dconf;
+    sandbox.method = "bwrap";
+    sandbox.wrapperType = "inplace";  #< dbus/systemd services live in `.out` but point to `.lib` data.
    sandbox.whitelistDbus = [ "user" ];
    persist.byStore.private = [
      ".config/dconf"
@@ -44,12 +41,24 @@ in
    # supposedly necessary for packages which haven't been wrapped (i.e. wrapGtkApp?),
    # but in practice seems unnecessary.
    # env.GIO_EXTRA_MODULES = "${pkgs.dconf.lib}/lib/gio/modules";
+
+    config.site = [
+      (pkgs.writeTextFile {
+        name = "dconf-user-profile";
+        destination = "/etc/dconf/profile/user";
+        text = ''
+          user-db:user
+          system-db:site
+        '';
+      })
+    ];
  };

+  # TODO: get dconf to read these from ~/.config/dconf ?
  environment.etc.dconf = lib.mkIf cfg.enabled {
    source = pkgs.symlinkJoin {
      name = "dconf-system-config";
-      paths = map (x: "${x}/etc/dconf") ([profilePackage] ++ sitePackages);
+      paths = map (x: "${x}/etc/dconf") cfg.config.site;
      nativeBuildInputs = [ (lib.getBin pkgs.dconf) ];
      postBuild = ''
        if test -d $out/db; then
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More